recognize normal and abnormal cardiac rhythms‚ called dysrhythmias‚ is an essential nursing skill. • Four properties of cardiac cells (automaticity‚ excitability‚ conductivity‚ and contractility) enable the conduction system to start an electrical impulse‚ send it through the cardiac tissue‚ and stimulate the myocardial tissue to contract. • The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the rate of impulse formation‚ the speed of conduction‚ and the strength of cardiac contraction. Electrocardiogram
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close Cardiac action potential From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation‚ search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2013) As in other cells‚ the cardiac action potential is a short-lasting event in which the difference of potential between the interior and the exterior of each cardiac cell rises and falls
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Techniques Advancements in Surgical Technology: Pacemakers Prepared for Rebecca Hall Since 1932‚ cardiac arrhythmias have been treated by the use of pacemakers. According to the article‚ “The Evolution of Pacemakers”‚ “An artificial pacemaker is a device that delivers a controlled‚ rhythmic electric stimulus to the heart muscle in order to maintain an effective cardiac rhythm for long periods of time” (Sandro A.P. Haddad‚ 2006). In the earliest stages‚ pacemakers were quite primitive but evolved to become
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MUSCULOSKELETAL FRACTURES ● Fracture is a disruption or break in the continuity of the bone structure. ● Traumatic injuries account for the majority of fractures. ● Fractures can be classified as displaced (open) or nondisplaced (closed) depending on communication or noncommunication with the external environment. ● Signs include immediate localized pain‚ decreased function‚ and inability to bear weight or use affected part. Obvious bone deformity may be present. ● Bone goes through eight stages of selfhealing (union)
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BIOC33/CC4 Cardiovascular System (Lectures 1-4) Study Guide (2015) Lecture 1: Electrical Conduction within the Heart Topics The Conduction System of the Heart Pacemaker Potential Sample Questions 1. What is the pathway of electrical conduction in the heart? 2. Which changes in ionic conductance (permeability) accompany the various phases of the pacemaker potential? 3. 1. 2. 4. a) In zone 1‚ a decrease in PK and an increase in PNa: In zone 2‚ an increase in PCa b) In zone 1‚ a decrease in PK and an increase
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doctor businessmen a fighter and inventors who helped millions of people in many ways‚ medicine‚ health‚ economy‚ and people who sacrifice their life for their own country. People like Dr. Paul M. Zoll‚ who helped many people by his invention the “Pacemaker” and like Donald B. Hostetter‚ who helped his local community
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also plays an important role during exercise. The sympathetic pathway comes out of the lower cervical and upper thoracic segments of the spinal cord. The sympathetic nervous system has postganglionic fibers that pass through cardiac plexuses and continue through cardiac nerves till they finally reach the heart (Saladin‚ pg 728). These postganglionic fibers release a neurotransmitter known as norepinephrine. Norepinephrine binds to Beta-adrenergic fibers of the heart. This binding activates Cyclic
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART Anatomy: The heart and heart wall layers: The heart is located in the left side of the mediastinum; it consists of three muscle layers the Endocardium‚ myocardium‚ and epicardium. The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart. The myocardium is the idle layer of and actual contracting muscle of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer and lines the inner chambers and heart valves. Pericardial sac: The pericardial sac encases and protects
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Chapter 14: Critical Care Nursing (Pg 338-366‚ 412-437) Chapter 15: Cardiovascular Disorders Coronary Artery Disease Description and Etiology The biggest contributor to cardiovascular system- related morbidity and mortality is coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease that affects arteries throughout the body. (CAD) Risk Factors for CAD 1. Age‚ Gender‚ Race (non-modifiable) a. More common in men than women b. Higher in women over 75 years of age 2. Family History
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gathered at the nape of her neck‚ and her voice was low. “Please help me get Jeff’s pacemaker turned off‚” she said‚ using my father’s first name. I nodded‚ and my heart knocked. Upstairs‚ my 85-year-old father‚ Jeffrey‚ a retired Wesleyan University professor who suffered from dementia‚ lay napping in what was once their shared bedroom. Sewn into a hump of skin and muscle below his right clavicle was the pacemaker that helped his heart outlive his brain. The size of a pocket watch‚ it had kept his
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