INTRODUCTION SALAHUDIN AYUBI Salahudin Ayubi‚ better known in the Western world as Saladin‚ was a Kurdish Muslim‚ who became the first Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt and Syria. He led Islamic opposition to the Franks and other European Crusaders in the Levant. At the height of his power‚ he ruled over Egypt‚ Syria‚ Mesopotamia‚ Hejaz‚ and Yemen. He led the Muslims against the Crusaders and eventually recaptured Palestine from the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem after his victory in the Battle of Hattin. As
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The Deesis of the triforium‚ depicting Christ receiving the supplication of his Mother and John the Baptist‚ is considered to be the most important item in the corpus of Byzantine art (Morey 1944: 201) . Artistically‚ the soft tones‚ intense humanity and emotional realism on the figures of the faces is representative of the Constantinopolitan style in the Renaissance period (Hagia Sophia‚ n.d.). Historically‚ the mosaic is reflective of shifts within the theological discourse in Constantinople.
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an end to the Byzantian Empire. As being one of the most powerful empires in the world history‚ Mehmed the Conqueror is not the sultan who established only the profile of the following sultans and the geographic foundations of the Empire‚ but also improved political and social institutions of the Ottoman Empire and shaped the future political developments. After the death of his father in 1451‚ Mehmed the Conqueror ascended the throne and he not only strengthened the navy forces‚ but also erected
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decisions were vital in my many campaigns in Europe. My kindness and fairness was unparalleled in the whole history of the Ottoman Empire. My military genius was unsurpassed throughout the whole of history. I succeeded where my great-grandfather Mehmed II‚ the same man who conquered Constantinople‚ had failed. I conquered Belgrade by taking out their only major ally: Hungary. Hungary was the last formidable force that stood between me and the rest of Europe. By the end of my life‚ I had doubled the
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Suleiman the Magnificent The Ottoman Empire was an empire lasting from 1299 to 1923. Osman was leading the small Ottoman Empire in 1299 in western Anatolia and he was slowly extending his settlements away from his Muslim neighbors. It was not allowed for Muslims to kill other Muslims. He had a number of soldiers called the Ghazis who were brave‚ loyal and fearless. These solders helped Osman tread into unknown land and spread his rule. Osman’s name was becoming more known and after his death‚ people
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Empire had conquered almost the entire Anatolian peninsula‚ and had moved their efforts to the west and had pushed as far as the Balkans under the Murad‚ Bayazid I‚ and Mehmet II. Mehmet was famous for capturing the Byzantine capital Constantinople‚ which was thought to be impossible to breach‚ even with the size of the army Mehmet II had. But‚ the Ottomans were extremely good at out gunning their enemies‚ “…the Turks made use of massive cannons with 26-foot barrels that could launch stone balls weighing
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into the Black Sea from the Mediterranean (Haberman‚ 5). This allowed Constantinople to flourish into a city rich in culture‚ and trade. In 1453‚ the Ottoman Dynasty took control over Constantinople and overthrew the Byzantine Empire. In 1453‚ Mehmet II‚ known as Faith‚ the Conqueror‚ declared that Constantinople be called Istanbul‚ meaning “into the city” in Turkish. During the Byzantine Empire‚ Constantinople was a Christian city‚ but after the Ottoman Empire took over‚ Constantinople became mostly
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Count: 3987 Abstract George Kastrioti‚ also known as Skanderbeg‚ was a 15th century Albanian leader. Born in 1405 to the noble Kastrioti family‚ he was raised in a village in Dibra. As a young child‚ he was taken hostage by Sultan Murad II and as a result‚ he fought for the Ottoman Empire as a General. In one of his battles‚ he deserted the Ottomans and became the ruler of Kruje. However‚ there is wide debate over how influential Skanderbeg’s diplomatic and military skills were in protecting
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some money from the taxes that the millets had to pay the government. The Ottomans also got loyalty from the religious leaders and the sultan got their support in various ventures. 2. What kind of administrative‚ political and military steps did Mehmet II take before and after he captured Constantinople? Please explain the reasoning behind these
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Topkapi Palace After victory of Istanbul by Fatih Sultan Mehmet he was at the age of 21 Fatih was very smart knowledge man and serious on everything what he needs to work on it. He order to built the palace between 1460 - 1478 The Topkapi Palace complex is located European side of the Istanbul overlooking the Golden horn and the sea of Marmara with nice view.its a home of sultans for nearly 380 years and was used as the administrative center of the empire. The architectural style of the
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