PROKARYOTES ◦ Binary Fission Prokaryotic chromosome contains mostly DNA and some associated proteins Asexual reproduction requires a single parent; offspring are genetically identical to parent. EUKARYOTES Meiosis and Mitosis MEIOSIS Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction and therefore occurs in all eukaryotes MITOSIS process in which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets in two daughter nuclei
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Chapter 8 The cellular Basis of Reproduction Inheritance Rain Forest Rescue • Scientists in Hawaii are attempting to "rescue" endangered species from extinction by promoting reproduction • Reproduction is one phase of an organism’s life cycle – Sexual reproduction • Fertilization of sperm and egg produces Offspring – Asexual reproduction • Offspring are produced by a single parent‚ without the participation of sperm and egg
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Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 1) Genes are the units of heredity‚ and are made up of segments of DNA. 2) In asexual reproduction‚ one parent produces genetically identical offspring my mitosis. In sexual reproduction‚ two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents. 3) Humans have somatic cells‚ which are any cell other than a gamete‚ have 23 pairs of chromosomes. A karyotype is an ordered display of the paired of chromosomes
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formed into what seems like a nucleus. Mutations Definition- A permanent change in DNA that can change the genetic information of a gene. Causes Of Mutation- Pre-genetic cursors can cause the cell to mutate during the process of both mitosis and meiosis. Cancer Definition Causes Types/Symptoms Treatments Rapid cell division among cells. Environment‚ genetics‚ and much more. Unexplained weight loss‚ fever‚ fatigue‚ aches and pains‚ skin changes (darkening and lighten.)
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hormones: FSH and LH in the membranes of follicle cells FSH: • Development of oocyte in the follicle • Thickening of follicle wall • Secretion of follicular fluid • Secretion of estrogens by follicle wall LH: • Completion of meiosis in the oocyte • Partial digestion of follicle wall to allow it to open (ovulation) • Growth of the corpus luteum
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Bio 101 Review Sheet Test #3 (Chapters 7‚8‚9) Chapter 7 1. 3 effects of mutations a. Good‚ bad‚ silent i. What silent is in terms of amino acids 2. Point mutation 3. Frameshift mutation 4. Main causes of mutation of DNA 5. Which mutations are heritable 6. Definition of allele b. How process of mutation in replication leads to new alleles 7. Transgenic organism c. What it is d. How its created e. Definition of recombinant
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--------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Meiosis SEQUENCING/ORGANIZING INFORMATION In the space provided in the figure below‚ write the letter of the stage of meiosis from the list below (a–h) that matches each stage in the figure.
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new cells that are made then get destroyed because the number of chromatids is uneven. Also‚ the cell might have a non-disjunction due to wrong number of chromosome in new cell. Part 4: Post- Lab Question When is DNA replicated during meiosis? DNA is replicated during the S phase of Interphase. Are homologous pair of chromosome exact copies of each other? Yes because Homologous chromosomes are two chromosomes. One inherited from the mother‚ one from the father. They have the same length
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homologs‚ or a homologous pair. 3. Write out a general life cycle with arrows linking these terms: haploid (h)‚ diploid (2n)‚ meiosis‚ fertilization. Are the products of meiosis haploid or diploid? 4. Define sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. How do they differ in comparing genetic traits between parent and offspring? At what points are mitosis and meiosis involved? Asexual Reproduction - The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes
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4.1.1 State that eukaryote chromosomes are made of DNA and proteins.(1) State means to give a specific name‚ value or other brief answer without explanation or calculation. The chromosome is composed of two main molecules. a) DNA b) Proteins called histones. This image was taken shortly after DNA a replication but before the prophase. It is composed of two daughter chromatids joined at the centromere. The chromosome is super coiled by a factor around x16‚000. The DNA molecule is about 1
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