Disjunction is the failure of chromosomes to separate properly. Non disjunction may occur during anaphase 1 or anaphase ii. If the tetrads do not separate normally during anaphase 1‚ an entire tetrad can end up on one side‚ therefore during the stages of meiosis ii gamates can be produced that either have extra chromosomes or are missing chromosomes. In the case of Down Syndrome the non disjunction has produced a gamete with an extra chromosome 21. 24a) Interphase 1 – there are three double stranded
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CHAPTER 14 1. Norm of reaction: the phenotypic range that a genotype is associated with due to environmental influences. 2. Multifactorial: characters that have many factors‚ both genetic and environmental‚ collectively influence phenotype. 3. Pleiotropy: when a gene controls multiple phenotypic effects 4. Epistasis: When a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus 5. Carrier: a person who is heterozygous for a recessive disease and therefore
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|[pic] |Syllabus | | |College of Natural Sciences | | |BIO/101 | |
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MODULE 2: GENETICS‚ VARIATION AND NATURAL SELECTION SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES & EXPLANATORY NOTES 1. Structure and Roles of Nucleic Acids 1.1 illustrate the structure of RNA and DNA using simple labelled diagrams; The genetic substance found in all organisms called DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a kind of nucleic acid. Nucleic acids consist of two long polymers of simpler units‚ called nucleotides; that are composed of three (3) main units as shown below: 1) A pentose sugar (deoxyribose
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same traits (1 paternal‚ 1 maternal) 5) 1. Primitive stem spermatogonium 2. Haploid secondary spermatocyte‚ spermatid‚ sperm 3. Provides nutrients to developing sperm sustentacular cells 4. Products of meiosis II spermatid 5. Product of spermiogenesis sperm 6. Product of meiosis I spermatocyte 6) Why are spermatids not considered functional gametes? They are non-motile and have too much excess baggage to function well in a reproductive capacity. 7) Differentiate between spermatogenesis
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I am a Sperm Have you ever wondered of the life of a sperm? It is a remarkable and amazing life? I am a sperm‚ and let me take you through my life. I live in the testes and I’ve lived there my entire life‚ from birth to currently. Some of my family have already left the house and gone on to explore the outside world. Us sperm have one goal in life and one goal only: to reach the egg. The egg is where all sperm dare to go and tries to fertilize the egg. Millions of our kind attempts
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finding gave way to the understanding of how new cells form. Remak shared his findings with Virchow‚ who then stole his ideas and published them as his own. As we have learned in class new cells form from old cells through the process of meiosis and mitosis. In meiosis‚ chromosome pairs synapse‚ cross over‚ align‚ and separate twice. The crossing over results in the mixing of genetic information between the chromosome pairs. When they separate‚ they divide and form four cells with varied genetic material
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Make-up test study guide Test 1: 1. 3 categories of natural sciences a. biology: microbiology b. physical: chemistry c. applied: medicine 2. relevant steps to scientific method a. observation b. hypothesis c. experimentation d. conclusion e. extra: theory 3. Science: objective‚ testable‚ fact; non-science: subjective‚ untestable‚ opinions 4. Life is is a characteristic that distinguishes objects that have signaling and self-sustaining processes from those that do not‚ a. Characteristics:
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particular places on the chromosomes called loci. During meiosis‚ each pair of alleles splits up or segregates so that only one allele from each pair is contained within a gamete (egg or sperm.) This is Mendel’s Law of Segregation. In sexual reproduction egg and sperm from parents unite to form a new individual or zygote. Thus‚ each parent contributes one allele for each genetic locus. Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment states that during meiosis‚ each pair of alleles is assorted randomly and inherited
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Polymer Mitosis Codons Kinesis Monomer Cytokinesis Promoter Taxis Denaturation Zygote Introns Carrying Capacity Endergonic Haploid Exons Parasitism Exergonic Diploid Anticodons Commensalism Feedback Inhibition Meiosis Mutation Mutualism 1. Given the atomic number of an element‚ be able to determine the number of neutrons in two different isotopes. 2. Given the atomic number and mass number‚ be able to draw the electron configuration of an element
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