Biology HL Portfolio The Cell and Cell Theory [pic] The cell The word cell comes from the Latin word “cellula”‚ which means a small room. The cell is the smallest unit of a living organism‚ also known as “the building block of life”. Every living organism is consisted of a cell. There are bacteria (unicellular organisms)‚ and multicellular organisms. There are different types of cells‚ prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. All cells come from preexisting cells. “Every cell is self-maintaining;
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DIFFUSION= The movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Atoms and small molecules can move across a cell membrane by diffusion. OSMOSIS= Diffusion of fluid through a semipermeable membrane from a solution with a low solute concentration to a solution with a higher solute concentration until there is an equal concentration of fluid on both sides of the membrane. SELECTIVE PERMEABLE MEMBRANE=a membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows
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plants. The plant life cycle is consisted of two parts: the gametophyte phase where it produces gametes by mitosis and the sporophyte phase which produces spores by meiosis 2. Contrast the life cycle of plants to that of animals: Typical life cycle: alteration of generation (plants)‚ diploid (animals) Resulting structure from meiosis: spores-plants‚ gametes-animals Occurrence of mitosis: gamete production-plants‚ zygote to individual-animals 3. Compare mosses and ferns by completing the following
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INTRODUCTION Levels of organization (cell to biosphere) and characteristics of life Levels: Cells->tissue ->organs & organ systems->organisms->populations->communities->ecosystems-> biosphere Characteristics of life: Cell and Organization: Each cell can only do the job it is tasked with. Example: brain cells Energy Use and Metabolism: Energy is needed many organisms. Energy is utilized in chemical reactions Response to Environmental Changes: responds to stimuli Regulation and Homeostasis: ex:
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must be decondesed to appear in the form of chromatin and that too in form of euchromatin if DNA remained organized in the sense that they would not be accessible for transcription. Before the chromosomes condense the nuclear membrane goes through meiosis which is cell division between and egg and sperm cell that determines the sex of a baby. The sex is found by the sperm which carries a X and Y sex chromosomes. Before the cell divides two sets of chromosomes pair together and swap segments. The second
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The discovery of DNA is attributed to the research of three scientists in 1951; Francis Crick‚ Maurice Wilkins‚ and James Dewey Watson. They were all later accredited with the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1962. Thanks to their discovery‚ science has been able to research and learn from DNA blueprints and use recombinant DNA technology to discover answers‚ vaccines and build immunity for many viruses. In recent years science has been using this new technology to genetically modify animals
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types of fungi reproduction. A: (See below) 1. Fragmentation of the hyphae or mycelium. (Asexual) 2. Formation of conidiospores or sporangiospores. (Asexual) 3. Formation of gametes‚ which fuse to produce diploid zygotes. The zygotes undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores that grow back into the fungal hyphae. Q: List the types of specialized hyphae. A: Sporangiophores‚ rhizoids‚ and stolons. Q: How do most fungi reproduce? What are the mating types called? A: Asexually or sexually
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Midterm 1 stuff (1‚ 25‚ 26‚ 27‚ 28) 2) What characterizes a prokaryotic cell? a. the lack of ribosomes b. the lack of a membrane-enclosed nucleus c. the presence of a nucleus with no DNA d. the presence of mitochondria e. having a cell wall without a cell membrane 3) Which of the following does NOT comprise a logical hierarchy of organization? a. family‚ order‚ class‚ phylum‚ kingdom b. molecules‚ cells‚ tissues‚ organ systems‚ populations c. organisms‚ populations‚ communities‚ biomes
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Nabila Anika • Vascular plants-plants with vascular tissue; pteridophytes‚ gymnosperms‚ and angiosperms; includes all modern species except the mosses and their relatives • Vascular tissue-plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body • Pteridophytes-seedless plants with true roots and lignified vascular tissue; ferns‚ horsetails‚ and whisk ferns • Bryophytes-nonvascular plants; lack water conducting tissues and
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each process? Microsporogenesis produces our microspores. It occurs in the sporangia of the anther in flowers. Four haploid microspores are produced when the mother cell undergoes meiosis. Each microspore develops into a pollen grain. Megasporogenesis occurs in the sporangium of the ovule of a flower. After meiosis‚ the embryo sac is produced (egg‚ nucei‚ antipodal cells‚ synergids). 3. Draw and label all parts of a complete flower. Indicate the functions of the major parts.
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