The cell cycle is important as old cells get damaged and have to be replaced with new cells for the functioning of the body. If new cells are not formed the human body will stop working within a few minutes. The cell cycle is defined as an orderly sequence of events in which a somatic cell duplicates its contents and divides in two. When a cell reproduces‚ it must replicate all its chromosomes to pass its genes to the next generation of cells. The cell cycle consists of two major periods: interphase
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prepara-tion for cell division. B. Mitosis (M) phase: The division of genetic material and cellular contents. The stages of mitosis 1. Prophase: Replicated chromosomes condense. Spindle forms along cell equator. Nuclear envelope breaks down; spindle microtubules en-ter nuclear region‚ eventually attaching to cen-tromeres of chromosomes. 2. Metaphase: Chromosomes align along cell equa-tor called the metaphase plate but do not yet segregate to opposite poles. Centromeres divide‚ freeing sister chromatids
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| Cytoplasm | Both | Gelatin-like fluid that surrounds the organelles within the membrane. | Carries required nutrients like salts‚ minerals and organic molecules. Cytoplasmic streaming. | Cytoskeleton | Both | Network of thin fibres made of microtubules (hollow tubes) and microfilaments (threads made of protein actin). | Support system for organelles. Maintains the shape of the cell. | Vacuoles | Both | Plants have a large central vacuole. Animal cells have smaller ones. | Used to store nutrients
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Membrane Cytoskeleton Name_____________________________________ Date_________________________ Pd______ 18. Collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells Chromatin 19. Consist of hollow tubes which provide support for the cell Microtubules/Microfilaments 20. Small hair-like structures used for movement or sensing things Cilia 21. Composed of a phospholipid bilayer Cell Membrane 22. Longer whip-like
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Self-renewal and differentiation are fundamental stem cell fate decisions‚ which are essential for normal tissue development‚ homeostasis‚ and repair actin cytoskeleton and Rho-GTPases‚ mediate downstream signal transduction Serum response factor (SRF) and yes-associated protein (YAP) are two examples of mechano-sensitive transcription factors‚ which have recently been implicated in epidermal and mesenchymal stem cell differentiation Lab notes: Passive processes: transport driven by
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haploid daughter cells. d) How does mitosis in plants differ from mitosis in animals? The only difference is cytokinesis‚ because plants have cell walls mitosis proceeds in a different way. In plant‚ vesicles from the Golgi apparatus move along microtubules to the middle of the cell where they coalesce‚ creating a cell wall
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shows the contrast between metaphase 1 where the homologous pairs of chromosomes put in a straight line on the metaphase plate. For every chromosome sister chromatids look at the opposite poles also every single one is attached to a kinetochore microtubule which comes from that pole. http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/meiosis/metaii.html Fertilisation When fertilisation occurs 1 gamete from each of the parent joins to form a zygote this is due to the
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BIO 110 Homework - Chapter #1 1. What is science? 2. What are seven characteristics of all living organisms? 3. Explain the steps of the scientific method. 4. What are theories? Homework – Chapter #2 and #3 1. What is an atom‚ what is an atom composed of and what are the charges of each Component? 2. What is an element? 3. What is atomic number and atomic mass? 4. What is an isotope and how do isotopes interact with other atoms? 5. What is a radioactive isotope? 6. Draw the shell model
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1) A hypothesis is 1) an educated guess based on observations‚ that is testable 2) Consider the following statement: "If all vertebrates have backbones‚ and turtles are vertebrates‚ then turtles have backbones." This statement is an example of 2) hypothesis 3) Which of the following statements about evolution is true? 3) 4) Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences correctly lists that hierarchy from least inclusive to most inclusive? 4) 5) What is the difference
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I am a Sperm Have you ever wondered of the life of a sperm? It is a remarkable and amazing life? I am a sperm‚ and let me take you through my life. I live in the testes and I’ve lived there my entire life‚ from birth to currently. Some of my family have already left the house and gone on to explore the outside world. Us sperm have one goal in life and one goal only: to reach the egg. The egg is where all sperm dare to go and tries to fertilize the egg. Millions of our kind attempts
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