Prokaryotes were the first cells; bacteria-like organisms • Descendants belong in two groups: Archaea and Eubacteria Symbiogenesis: process whereby cells of one prokaryotic lineage engulfed‚ but did not digest cells from another prokaryotic lineage. The engulfed cell was eventually reduced to an organelle inside the host cell. Eukaryotic products of symbiogenesis include mitochondria and plastids Primary endosymbiosis: development of organelle by prokaryote engulfed and modified the bacteria
Premium Eukaryote Cell Bacteria
motility and also as a sensory reception. Both secondary cilia (motile) and flagella contain quite similar internal structures; while primary cilia (nonmotile) - found more commonly than secondary in common cells‚ have a deficiency of two singlet microtubules that together account for the cell’s lack of movement (Adams 2010). Mutation of cilia with such characteristics may lead to ciliary dysfunction‚ including polycystic kidney disease‚ which result due to the lack of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2
Premium Cell Eukaryote Organelle
The Cell Cycle Mitosis: the process by which cells reproduce themselves‚ resulting in daughter cells that contain the same amount of genetic material as the parent cell. Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Cell Division Occurs in a series of stages of phases Interphase occurs before mitosis begins Chromosomes are copied (# doubles) Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils (chromatin) at the start‚ but each chromosome and its copy(sister chromosome) change to sister
Premium Mitosis Cell cycle
the nuclear envelope is broken up into pieces centrosomes‚ made in interphase‚ reposition to the poles of the cell. In the centromere of each chromatid is a point called the kinetochore. Then the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochore making the chromosomes move. The spindle microtubules shift the chromosomes to the center of the cell. Metaphase is the second part of mitosis. During metaphase the formation of the mitotic spindles is complete making the cells transition to the polar state
Premium Mitosis Cell cycle
PCP/Angel Dust (Phencyclidine) Classification: hallucinogenic MW: 243.394 g/mol pKa: 8.29 Chemical Formula: C_17 H_25 N IUPAC name: 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine Description Phencyclidine also known as PCP‚ is a hallucinogenic which is normally used as an veterinary anesthetic. PCP is similar to another hallucinogenic drug‚ Ketamine‚ based on their structure and effects on the person. PCP causes a dissociative state by inhibiting NMDA receptors (N-methyl-D-aspartate). [1‚2‚3]PCP
Premium Cancer Chemotherapy Metastasis
Nucleus: The nucleus is the most obvious organelle in any eukaryotic cell. It is enclosed in a double membrane and communicates with the surrounding cytosol via numerous nuclear pores. Within the nucleus is the DNA responsible for providing the cell with its unique characteristics. The DNA is similar in every cell of the body‚ but depending on the specific cell type‚ some genes may be turned on or off - that’s why a liver cell is different from a muscle cell‚ and a muscle cell is different from a
Premium Cell DNA Eukaryote
French embryologist Paul Wintrebert in 1931. The cytoskeleton is a complex of insoluble components of the cytoplasm playing critical roles in cell motility‚ shape generation‚ and mechanical properties of a cell. Fibrillar polymer filaments‚ microtubules‚ and intermediate filaments are major constituents of the cytoskeleton‚ which constantly change their organization during cellular activities. The actin cytoskeleton is especially polymorphic‚ as actin filaments can form multiple higher order assemblies
Premium Cell Eukaryote Protein
The cell is one of the most basic units of life. There are millions of different types of cells. There are cells that are organisms onto themselves‚ such as microscopic amoeba and bacteria cells. And there are cells that only function when part of a larger organism‚ such as the cells that make up your body. The cell is the smallest unit of life in our bodies. In the body‚ there are brain cells‚ skin cells‚ liver cells‚ stomach cells‚ and the list goes on. All of these cells have unique functions
Premium Cell DNA Eukaryote
chromosome replicates‚ resulting in 2 sister chromatids attached by the centromere. It is the most important phase. G2 is where the cell prepares for cell division. The nucleus becomes defined‚ spindle proteins form‚ the centrioles replicate‚ the microtubules radiate from the centrosomes‚ enzymes and other proteins are synthesized‚ mitochondrion are replicated‚ and the chromosomes begin to condense. Chromosomes are duplicated only during the S phase. A typical animal cell might divide once every 24
Premium
CHAPTER 12- THE CELL CYCLE I. Concept 12.1- Cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells A. Overview 1) The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells or cell division. 2) The cell division process is an integral part of the cell cycle‚ the life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells. B. Cellular Organization of the Genetic Material 1) A cell’s endowment of DNA‚ its genetic
Premium Cell cycle Mitosis Chromosome