solute. Requires cellular energy. Movement of molecules DOWN the concentration gradient. It goes from high to low concentration‚ in order to maintain equilibrium in the cells. Does not require cellular energy. Types of Transport Endocytosis‚ cell membrane/sodium-potassium pump & exocytosisDiffusion‚ facilitated diffusion‚ and osmosis. Types of Particles Transported proteins‚ ions‚ large cells‚ complex sugars. Anything soluble (meaning able to dissolve) in lipids‚ small monosaccharides‚ water
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lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane. Osmosis is considered in terms of water potential and solute potential. Water potential is a measure of the kinetic energy of water molecules. Here‚ water molecules are constantly moving in a random fashion. Some of them collides with cell membrane‚ cell wall‚ creating a pressure on it known as water potential. The higher their kinetic energy the more they move and hits the membrane‚ therefore higher the water potential. Water potential
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GENETIC ANALYSIS 6/E BY Griffiths‚ Miller‚ Suzuki‚ Leontin‚ Gelbart © 1996 by W. H. Freeman and Company. Used with permission.) A. Isolating DNA 1. Crude isolation of donor (foreign) DNA is accomplished by isolating cells à disrupting lipid membranes with detergents à destroying proteins with phenol or proteases à degrading RNAs with RNase à leaving DNA at the end 2. Crude isolation of plasmid vector DNA is accomplished by an alkaline lysis procedure or by boiling cells which removes bacterial
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Aim: Investigate the effect of different temperatures and chemicals including various pH levels‚ alcohol and detergent on the cell membrane structure as well as function. Hypothesis: Increasing the temperature and pH levels which the beetroot membrane cells are exposed to will increase the amount of dye that passes out of the membrane. Materials: Part A • Bunsen Burner‚ Tripod and a Wire Gauze • 250mL Beaker • A 100° thermometer • Matches • 10mL measuring cylinder • Sticky labels and a Pen
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maintains the cell membrane. The main components of the cell include the cell membrane‚ cytoplasm‚ the nucleus‚ nucleolus‚ nuclear membrane‚ endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER and rough ER)‚ mitochondria‚ Golgi apparatus‚ lysosomes‚ ribosomes and vacuoles. a) The cell membrane – The cell membrane otherwise known as the plasma membrane is located on the surface of a typical animal cell. The cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer and is a selectively permeable membrane that allows substances
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Josh P. AP Biology 12-10-13 Lab Writeup The Effect of Transformation of pGLO in Bacteria Background/Objectives/Hypothesis: Genetic transformation is a process that primarily is inserting new DNA into an organism to change that organism’s trait. This process has many useful benefits when used correctly in different organisms. In this lab‚ bacteria was transformed by inserting DNA for Green Fluorescent Proteins. The DNA for these proteins were taken from bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea
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Instructor: Alan Byboth‚ M.S. 10/4/12 Abstract- The cell is invaluable building block of all biological life on this planet‚ and one of its most important and unique characteristics is its ability to be selectively permeable with its plasma membrane. This outer membrane’s sophisticated mechanisms of transport through its bilayer are vital in maintaining homeostasis in the cell and the entire body. To further understand these mechanisms‚ which can be further described as passive and active
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Molecular Cell Biology – Spring 2013 Study Guide – Exam #3 Protein Folding & Post-translational Modifications -What are post-translational modifications? - are modifications that a proteins undergoes to achieve its mature state. Such as cutting‚ folding‚ splicing and other processes. -How do proteins achieve their final conformation? - A protein achieves its final conformation by spontaneously folding. All the information that the protein needs as to how to fold is already located
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| |A cycle is a biological pathway or process in which the end product of one cycle becomes the starting point for the next cycle. Write an essay| |about cycles in biology. | |Carbon dioxide may affect organisms directly or indirectly. Describe and explain these effects.
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Substances will move through the membrane by diffusion. This is the random spreading out of particles until they are even. For example‚ when you put your instant coffee in boiling water‚ the coffee particles spread out and fill the entire mug‚ this is diffusion. A second way that substances can move through the cell membrane is by osmosis. This is a special type of diffusion where water moves from a high to a low concentration through a ’partially permeable membrane’‚ or a membrane specially shaped to only
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