they are all made up of cells whereas‚ the membrane surrounds all those cells. The cell membrane has the key responsibility to maintain a stable interval environment. Even though‚ Cell membrane is made up of phospholipids bilayer and has that great amount flexibility making it unbreakable while transportation of substances. However‚ certain substances such as‚ dissolved gases‚ sugars‚ salt and liquid find it difficult to pass through the cell membrane and‚ Substances like Oxygen and‚ Carbon Dioxide
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to increase the water potential and thus retore balance. This is the case in ORT (oral rehydration therapy) which is used to treat diarrhea ocurring due to cholera for example. The ORT packs ontain salt and electrolytes which are transported into the epithelial cells after ingestion and thus lower the water potential of the cell by causing water to be pulled into the epithelial cells from the gut lumen‚ thus stopping diarrhoea. Diarrhoea is caused by an too high water potential in the lumen of the
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Peter Agre’s Discovery Figure Page Figure 1: Figure 2: Upon deciding a topic for an ideal Nobel laureate‚ I had to meet two criteria I decided for myself. Aside from the topic having to be science related‚ I decided that the laureate could not be well know‚ such as Watson or Einstein‚ and also it should be a science topic that I have found the most intriguing since entering college which happens to be the human body. Even with such a broad topic as the human body I came across a laureate
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muscle response: twitch with 3 phases (latent‚ contraction‚ relaxation) 3. effects of increasing stim. Intensity on muscle force: forces increases then stays constant 1. Nervous Sys. I: Action Potential; Ion Channels; Membrane Potential 2. Nervoous Sys. II: Synaptic Potentials and Cellular Integration‚; Synaptic Transmission 3. Endocrine Sys.: Biochemistry‚ Secretion and Transport of Hormones; Actions of Hormones 4. Muscular Sys.: Neuromuscular Junction; Muscle Metabolism 5
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Functions of various epithelia 1. protection (mechanical‚ chemical‚ infectious) – skin‚ 2. absorption - GI tract‚ 3. filtration - kidney‚ 4. excretion - kidney‚ 5. secretion - glands‚ 6. sensory reception-taste buds‚ olfactory membranes 1.3.4 Seven(7) Special Characteristics 1. cellularity: specific cell shapes (e.g. squamous‚ cuboidal…‚ dense‚ little fluid in between cells) 2. specialized contacts: tight‚ gap junctions and desmosomes 3. Polarity: Apical and Basal surfaces
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The Nervous System: Membrane Potential 1. Record the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of the following ions (mM/L): | Intracellular | Extracellular | Sodium (Na+) | 15 | 150 | Potassium (K+) | 150 | 5 | Chloride (Cl–) | 10 | 125 | 2. Excitable cells‚ like neurons‚ are more permeable to K+ than to Na+. 3. How would the following alterations affect the membrane permeability to K+? Use arrows to indicate the change in permeability. a. An increase in the number of passive
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neurons: iii. Interneurons: V. Membrane Potentials: a. Basic Principles of Electricity: i. Voltage: ii. Potential: iii. Current: iv. Resistance: v. Ohm’s law: b. Role of Membrane Ion Channels: i. Leakage‚ or nongated channels: ii. Chemically gated‚ or ligand-gated‚ channels: iii. Voltage-gated channels: iv. Mechanically gated channels: c. The Resting Membrane Potential: i. Resting membrane potential: 1. Polarized: ii
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Abstract: Osmosis is the transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of a higher water chemical potential to a region of lower water chemical potential. (Tzahi 2006) To demonstrate osmosis lab‚ artificial cells were made with various sucrose concentrations and were placed into beakers of different sucrose solutions. Overall the results showed that the higher percentage of concentration gradient of sucrose‚ the more the artificial cells absorbed. Introduction: The
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| | | | Question 2 2 out of 2 points | | | |[pic] |The typical value for the resting membrane potential is _________? | | | | | |Answer | | | | | |Selected Answer:
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Chapter 2 IB Biology 2.1 Cell Theory 2.1.1 Outline the cell theory (2). • All organisms are composed of one or more cells • Cells are the smallest units of life • All cells come from preexisting cells • TOK: cell theory replaces the former ideas of spontaneous generation or abiogenesis in which inanimate matter assembles itself into living forms • Exception: muscle cells- more than 1 nucleus‚ very long; (fungal cells) hyphae roots- not a single unit; protoctista- not specialized to single
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