Discerning the Molecular Mechanisms of Entamoeba histolytica Erythrophagocytosis Abstract Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite representing a serious public health care crisis worldwide. It primarily affects people in low-income regions of impoverished nations and may affect the colon‚ liver‚ spleen‚ lungs‚ and brain. Erythrophagocytosis is a process that is vital to the pathogenicity of E. histolytica and therefore‚ the examination of molecular mechanisms involved
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movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. Osmosis is a special case of diffusion. Osmosis is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane. During osmosis‚ water molecules diffuse through the membrane from a region of higher water potential to lower water potential until equilibrium is reached. (1) In this lab‚ the idea was to see how the mass changed as osmosis occurred and water flowed into or out of the potato. Hypothesis: Our hypothesis was
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through the K+ leak channels because the membrane is permeable to K+ ions. Therefore‚ the K+ ions will diffuse down its concentration gradient from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. 2. Increasing extracellular K+ causes the membrane potential to change to a less negative value because the K+ ions diffuse out across the membrane. My results went well compared to my prediction because I predicted that the resting membrane potential would become less negative. 3. The
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stabilizing body position/posture‚ generates heat 2. Location: on top of/attached to bones (skeletal) AND in certain organs (smooth) 3. Organs: skeletal muscles and smooth muscle‚ tendons and ligaments Nervous System: 1. Function: generates Action Potentials (nerve impulses)‚ regulates body activities‚ detects changes in body chemistry/internal and external environment‚ interprets changes‚ responds to AP’s by causing
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K+ causes the membrane potential to change to a less negative value. How well did the results compare with your predictions? 3. Explain why a change in extracellular Na+ did not significantly alter the membrane potential in the resting neuron? 4. Discuss the relative permeability of the membrane to Na+ and K+ in a resting neuron. 5. Discuss how a change in Na+ or K+ conductance would affect the resting membrane potential. ACTIVITY #2 1. Sensory neurons have a resting potential based on the efflux
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_____________ _____________ exists across the plasma membrane. Leakage channels‚ also called passive channels‚ allow the movement of potassium (and sodium) across the membrane. Due to the electrochemical gradient‚ (2) ___________________ (ion) diffuses out of the cell. Because of this and because proteins that are large‚ non-diffusible anions are more abundant in the cell than outside it‚ the fluid on the inside adjacent to the plasma membrane is – (3) negatively / positively (circle or highlight
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stimulus strong enough to generate a nerve impulse has been given. The stimulus triggers chemical and electrical changes in the neuron. Before an impulse is received‚ a resting neuron is polarized with different charges on either side of the cell membrane. The exterior of the cell is positively charged with a larger number of sodium ions present compared to the interior of the cell. The interior of the cell is negatively charged since it contains more potassium ions than the exterior of the cell.
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Nervous System I: Ion Channels 1. What structures in the cell membrane function as ion channels? Integral Proteins 2. Ion channels are selective for specific ions. What three characteristics of the ions are important for this selectivity? 1. Charge 2. Size 3. Amount of water the ion attracts 3. Channels can be classified as either gated or nongated channels. A sodium channel that is always open would be classified as a/an __________nongated______________ channel. 4. Would sodium ions
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– funiculi of spinal cord or bundle of nerve fibers. Gangli-‚ knot: ganglia – deliver information to the body -lemm‚ rind or peel: neurilemma – sheath that surrounds the myelin of a nerve cell process. Mening-‚ meninges - The three fibrous membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord to protect the central nervous system. Moto-‚ moving: motor neuron – neuron that stimulates a muscle to contract or a gland to release a secretion. Peri-‚ all around: peripheral nervous system – portion of
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CHAPTER ONE ANATOMY - Studies the STRUCTURE of body and their relationships to one another. SUBDIVISIONS OF ANATOMY GROSS ANATOMY - the study of large body structures visible to the naked eye. Regional Anatomy - all structures in one part of the body are studied at the same time Systemic Anatomy - various systems of the body are studied. MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY - examination of body tissue using a microscope. CYTOLOGY - study of the CELLS of the body. HISTOLOGY - study of the TISSUES
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