How far were divisions among its opponents responsible for the survival of Tsarist rule in the years 1881 – 1905? Internal and external divisions amongst opposing political groups of the Tsar were important and somewhat responsible to the survival of Tsarist Russia. However‚ other factors such as religion and repression were also effective in keeping the Tsar in a state of power. On the one hand‚ one of the main reasons why divisions among its opponents were responsible for the survival of Tsarist
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What problems did the Provisional Government face? After the February Revolution which saw the fall of the Tsar‚ a Provisional Government was set up. Formed from the Duma or representative assembly‚ which had existed under the Tsar‚ the new government was a weak and unstable grouping of politicians trying desperately to gain some control over events. Led initially by Prince Lvov and after July 1917 by Kerensky‚ the Provisional Government faced the same problems as the Tsar and was unable to offer
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was the separation of the Social Democrats who became known as the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks in 1903. This was because some members of the what was to become the Bolsheviks‚ wanted to have a violent revolution‚ whereas the other members wanted to wait until the capitalist stage of the Marxist theory was complete as Russia was not ready for a proletarian revolution. This was the idea of the members who were to become the Mensheviks. However‚ whilst this was happening‚ another progressive feature of
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who were angered by the industrialisation. The Social Democrats later split into two groups the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. The Bolsheviks were an exclusive group ran by Vladimir Lenin. To be part of this revolutionary group you had to be a dedicated revolutionist. They avoided helping the other revolutionary parties as they believed that it slowed the process. Whereas‚ the Mensheviks were an open organisation that still had the same ideas when it came to revolutionising Russia as the Bolsheviks
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The 1905 Russian Revolution was the first of the revolutions that took place in attempt to overthrow Russia ’s Tsarist (or Imperial Autocracy) regime. The revolution broke out in 1905 because of the public unrest and economic depression caused by the Russo-Japanese war in 1904-5; and because of the "Bloody Sunday" of January 9th‚ 1905. The significance of the 1905 Revolution was determined by the October Manifesto‚ which was the Tsar ’s response to the revolution‚ and by the Tsarist-opposing parties
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Russia in 1894 Politically backward Repression – the okhrana Extremism – denial of free speech led to extremism Most of Russia’s population were peasants – over 80% Decline in agriculture Large army = cost a lot more money The early reign of Nicholas II‚ 1894-1905 Came to throne in 1894 Russification – Russian was declared to be the official first language; all legal proceedings such as trials had to be conducted in Russian. Restricted the influence of the non-Russian national minorities
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Now that both nazism and communism had been established it is important to understand how they maintained power as well as the policies they instituted while in power. In the Soviet Union the goal of Lenin had been to institute a full blown socialist state‚ but in reality it didn’t pan out like he had hoped. From 1918 until 1921 the Bolsheviks had implemented War Communism. War Communism was not only meant to be an economic system but also a social system; it included the virtual elimination of all
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Revolutionary Party (SR). | |1903 |Second Congress of Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. Beginning of split between Bolsheviks and | | |Mensheviks. | |1904–5 |Russo-Japanese War; Russia loses war. | |1905
Free Russian Empire Nicholas II of Russia Alexander II of Russia
RUSSIA & THE SOVIET UNION 1917-1941 TIMELINE 1917 -‐ Bolshevik or ‘October’ Revolution 1917 -‐ Treaty of Brest-‐Litovsk signed 1918 -‐ Start of the Civil War. ‘War Communism’ introduced 1919 -‐ Formation of ‘Comintern’ 1921 -‐ End of Civil War. Kronstadt uprising. Introduction of the ‘NEP’.
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Trotsky was born Lev Davidovich Bronstein on November 7‚ 1879‚ in what is today known as Ukraine. He was the fifth child of a wealthy farmer‚ David Leontyevich Bronstein‚ and Anna Bronstein. The family was ethnically Jewish but not religious. At the age of nine‚ Trotsky was sent to Odessa to attend school‚ and as Deutscher points out in his biography‚ ‘Odessa was then a bustling cosmopolitan port city‚ very unlike the typical Russian city of the time. This environment contributed to the development
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