and how is it different from democratization. Distinguish political liberalization from economic liberalization. Provide examples of each. 4. What is meritocracy and how is it different from democracy? Identify an example of a government or US state agency that is based on the principle of democracy and one based on the principle of meritocracy. 5. What is a bureaucracy and how is it different from a legislature? 6. What is divided government in the presidential system and how is it different
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different races. ) * very critical of capitalism- believe its like a machine that perpetuates social inequalities. It has inherent qualities that perpetuate inequality. * It will natural create problems for people * Many critical theorist are Marxist- believe that capitalism should be ruined. * Base- (economic determines) all superstructure- (all work to keep the base strong). * Capitalism is the base‚ superstructure is everything else in that society that keep the base going strong (schools
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Kati McDonald 1. Explain what is meant by the term ‘vocational’ education (2 marks) Vocational education refers to education connected to a career. It involves training and transmitting knowledge‚ skills and attitudes needed to pursue particular careers. This includes schemes and courses such as Youth Training Scheme‚ apprenticeships and NVQ and GNVQ courses. 2. Suggest three ways in which parentocracy operates in relation to ‘parental choice’ (6 marks) Parentocracy relates to the marketization
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Sociology gives us an in depth insight into social stratification and how it effects our lives. We as individuals are social beings who are ranked in categories within the hierarchy of society‚ but within our society we have the means to progress up the hierarchy and become part of the elite. Social inequalities are functional for the elite as they are the ones with the power and control over us as we are socially controlled. Social stratification affects the way we think about life. If were born
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Discuss the functionalist perspective on religion. (20 marks) The functionalist perspective is a consensus theory; it believes that society has a set of shared values and beliefs. Durkheim was the 1st functionalist to develop the idea that religious institutions play a central part in creating and maintaining value consensus‚ order and solidarity. The anthropologist‚ Malinowski‚ built on Durkheim’s idea and expanded with his own ideas. The functionalists‚ Parsons and Bellah later added their own
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Discuss the main state policies on education from 1870 onwards and discuss the effect they have had on the role of education and students’ experience of education from a sociological perspective. ‘In Britain‚ free compulsory education conducted in formal institutions staffed by full time professionals began in 1870’ (Haralambos‚ M‚ 1995‚ p.725) this was when The Forster’s Education Act 1870 came into place‚ in 1880 attendance became compulsory until the age of ten followed by The Fisher Education
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We hold these truths to be self evident‚ that all men are created equal.With these familiar words of the Declaration of Independence‚ the founders of America established social equality as a guiding principle.Yet for almost a century after the document was signed‚ slavery was common in much of the United States‚ and legal infringement of the rights of women and black Americans continued for almost two centuries.Today‚the “Inalienable right” to “life‚liberty‚and pursuit of happiness” is still not
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Assess the sociological explanations of the relationship between occupation and social class. The term "Social Class" is widely used in sociology to differentiate the population on grounds of economic considerations‚ such as inequality in terms of wealth or income. An occupation is an individual’s established choice of employment which provides most of the time a steady source of income. According to Karl Marx‚ the transition from feudalism to industrialization has produced a highly unequal capitalist
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Intro/Chap 1 Hegemony- ideological domination. Basic premises of Cultural Studies Basic premise semiotics (the study of how things are made to mean) For human beings‚ there are no necessary or inherent meaning in anything . Things have to be made to mean. Basic premises of semiotics Making things mean is a social and political process‚ practice‚ and struggle. Therefore‚ our sense of reality is socially and politically constructed. Basic premises of cultural studies In societies marked by institutionalized
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All Marx’s theories use social class as a starting point for analysis. In this essay we will explore two areas where Marx’s theories have had influence‚ crime and deviance and education. Marx saw the bourgeoisie as controlling these institutions. Marxists believe that these institutions form part of the superstructure of society with the economy as its base. Marx believed that crime was a product of poverty and the law is manipulated by the ruling class for their own protection. Marx saw society
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