Purpose: To test the acidity and basicity of common household products using a premade cabbage juice indicator. Introduction Acids and bases are chemicals commonly used in the lab‚ and‚ even though we may not realize it‚ they are also found in substances we use at home on a daily basis. To test the acidity or basicity of a substance‚ we can titrate each until the endpoint is reached‚ or use an indicator. Something as simple as litmus paper can be used‚ whereby blue litmus paper will turn red in the
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Discussion The acid neutralising capacity (ANC) of 3 brands of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) tablets was determined by reacting the tablets in excess standardized hydrochloric acid (HCl) and then back-titrating with a standardized sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. Back titration was required for two reasons. Firstly‚ CaCO3 tablets are poorly water-soluble but dissolve rapidly in acid. Secondly‚ CaCO3 is a weak base so it is difficult to determine the end point of the reaction if titrated directly. Assuming
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examined the result of the various color indicators combined with different buffer solution‚ thereby testing the precision and accuracy of determining the pH value colorimetrically. Colorimetric method is a simple and practical procedure with an important advantage: they do not get out of order as from time to time do the pH-meters. Four buffers (Acetate buffer‚ phosphate buffer‚ ammonium buffer and an unknown solution) were tested with eight different indicators. The method employs the use of complex
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Hydrochloric acid + blue dye 5. Blue dye + Sodium Hypochlorite. Observe & add 1 drop of hydrochloric acid. 6. Potassium iodide + Lead Nitrate. A precipitate should form. 7. Sodium hydroxide + phenolphthalein. a. Phenolphthalein is an acid-base indicator. 8. Hydrochloric acid + phenolphthalein. a. What color would be expected when combining phenolphthalein with an acid or with a base? 9. Sodium bicarbonate + Silver nitrate 10. Silver nitrate + Ammonia a. Using a paper towel‚ absorb the mixture
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descending. The attitude indicator (also known as an artificial horizon) shows the aircraft’s attitude relative to the horizon. From this the pilot can tell whether the wings are level and if the aircraft nose is pointing above or below the horizon. This is a primary instrument for instrument flight and is also useful in conditions of poor visibility. Pilots are trained to use other instruments in combination should this instrument or its power fail. The airspeed indicator shows the aircraft’s speed
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pH Indicators pH indicators are weak acids that exist as natural dyes and indicate the concentration of H+ (H3O+) ions in a solution via color change. A pH value is determined from the negative logarithm of this concentration and is used to indicate the acidic‚ basic‚ or neutral character of the substance you are testing. Introduction pH indicators exist as liquid dyes and dye-infused paper strips. They are added to various solutions to determine the pH values of those solutions. Whereas the liquid
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BRONSTED-LOWRY ACIDS AND BASES 1. The Bronsted-Lowry definition There are many definitions of acids and bases in existence‚ but the most useful one is the Bronsted-Lowry definition: An acid is a substance which can behave as a proton (re presented as a hydrogen ion‚ H+) donor. Any substance which contains hydrogen bonded to a more electronegative element can thus behave as an acid: HCl == H+ + Cl- H2SO4 == H+ + HSO4- A base is a substance which can behave as a proton acceptor. Any
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Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Final HCl Buret Reading ± 0.05 mL | 38.3 | 45 | 54.5 | Initial HCl Buret Reading ± 0.05 mL | 29.9 | 38.3 | 45 | Volume of NaHCO3 used ± 0.1 mL | 9.2 | 9.5 | 9.8 | Qualitative Data: * I used the methyl orange indicator which was suitable for my titration because of its clear and distinct colour change from orange to a bright red at the endpoint * At the beginning of the titration after I added 3 drops of methyl orange into the base (NaHCO3) and swirled‚ I began
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they consist of a very key characteristic of bases; they are slippery. Personal care products are predicted to be neutral solutions because they are not corrosive like acids and bases that can harm your skin. Materials: • 12-well dish • Paper indicators o Red litmus o Blue litmus o pH paper • Various common household substances o Shampoo o Lemon juice o Green tea o Sprite o Detergent o Milk o Windex Procedure: 1. Obtain a small sample of each substance to be tested. Place the substance
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panel used for flying in Instrument Metrological Conditions (IMC) for the next 20 years (Jukes‚ 2004). They are the: Altimeter (feet)‚ Airspeed indicator (knots)‚ Turn and Bank Coordinator (turn direction and coordination)‚ Vertical Speed Indicator (feet per minute)‚ Artificial Horizon (attitude indication)‚ and the Directional Gyro and Heading Indicator ("Instrument flying handbook‚" 2008). This Basic Six set of instruments was adopted by commercial aviation remains largely unchanged‚ except
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