Review 1: The Chemistry and Molecules of Life Please note that this is a general outline of some of the topics we will have discussed and are detailed in chapters 2-5 of your textbook. While this gives you an idea of some of the terms/phrases you are responsible for‚ not all the material we covered is included. You are responsible for everything discussed in class‚ but NOT for material in the book that was not addressed in lecture. Please do NOT assume that if you know the concepts/answers to the
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DNA Research Paper DNA Structure: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the code for life; it makes up the genetic material of living organisms. DNA is a long molecule made up of many subunits‚ or monomers‚ called nucleotides. Nucleotides are made up of three parts: a sugar‚ a phosphate group‚ and a nitrogenous base. Nucleotides contain a sugar-phosphate backbone and bases. There are four bases in DNA: adenine‚ cytosine‚ guanine‚ and thymine. A (adenine) always pairs with T (thymine)‚ and C (cytosine)
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is an RNA virus that ‘reproduces’ through replication. The virus particles are surrounded by hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) – both are structural glycoproteins attached to the virus’s outside lipid bi-layer. HA serves its function in helping the virus to bind to the sialic acid receptors located on the human cell. Then‚ through endocytosis‚ the virus enters the cell and makes its way to the host cell’s nucleus. Through transcription‚ the virus then creates copies of mRNA (messenger RNA)
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University of Arkansas Nucleic Acids • Nucleic acid: a biopolymer containing three types of monomer units • a base derived from purine or pyrimidine (nucleobases) • a monosaccharide‚ either D-ribose or 2-deoxy-D-ribose • phosphoric acid • RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Nucleic Acids • Levels of structure • 1°structure: the order of bases on the polynucleotide sequence; the order of bases specifies the genetic code • 2°structure: the three-dimensional conformation
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nucleobases along the backbone that encodes genetic information. This information is read using the genetic code‚ which specifies the sequence of the amino acids within proteins. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into the related nucleic acid RNA in a process
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characteristics of a given individual because they change the pattern of DNA which also changes how the organism was supposed to look to how it does do to a skip of DNA pattern. 13. Genetic information transmitted by DNA is determined by converting it to RNA
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Chapter 2: Neurons and Glia 1. Introduction * Although there are many neurons in the human brain (about 100 billion)‚ glia outnumbers neurons by tenfold. 1:10 ratio. * Neurons are the most important cells for the unique functions of the brain. * Neurons sense changes in the environment‚ communicate these changes to other neurons‚ and command the body’s responses to these situations. * Glia‚ or glial cells‚ are thought to contribute to brain function mainly by insulating‚
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BIO 225 – Exam 2 Review Sheet Chapter 9 1. Know the anatomy of the structures that make up the prokaryotic cell. Know their functions. Know any clinical significance each structure might have and if it is a target for antibiotics. (On separate sheet) 2. Know the differences between Gram positive and Gram negative cell walls. * Gram positive cell wall * In addition to many layers of peptidoglycan‚ the cell wall of Gram-positive bacterials cells also contain: * Teichoic
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Human Physiology Packet #1 Slate Masunaga Period 6 Table Of Contents: Chapter 1 Vocabulary Chapter 2 Vocabulary Chapter 3 Vocabulary Did you get it Questions Chapters 1-3 (in order) Review Questions Chapters 1-3 Chapter 1 Vocabulary Anatomy: structure Physiology: function Transverse/horizontal: plane that divides body into superior/upper & an inferior/lower sections Sagittal lengthwise plane dividing the body into right & left sections Midsagittal/median: lengthwise
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Basic chemistry of a cell Properties of water – – – Life on Earth began in water and evolved there for 3 billion years before spreading onto land. Modern life‚ even terrestrial life‚ remains tied to water. All living organisms require water more than any other substance. Human beings for example‚ can survive for quite for a few weeks without food‚ but only a week or so without water. – – – Water is deceptively simple. It is shaped something like a wide V‚ with its two hydrogen atoms joined
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