Genomes‚ Transcriptomes‚ and Proteomes 1 1.1 DNA 1.2 RNA and the Transcriptome 1.3 Proteins and the Proteome When you have read Chapter 1‚ you should be able to: Define the terms “genome‚” “transcriptome‚” and “proteome‚” and state how these are linked in the process of genome expression. Describe the two experiments that led molecular biologists to conclude that genes are made of DNA‚ and explain the limitations of those experiments. Give a detailed description of the structure of
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photosynthesis conversion of CO2 to organic compounds radically changed Earth by producing A) sugar. B) cellulose. -C) O2. D) H2. 8. RNA is believed to have been the initial genetic system because it can A) form a stable double helix with a complementary nucleic acid strand. -B) catalyze the polymerization of nucleotides into another RNA strand. C) form ribosomes. D) transfer amino acids to ribosomes. 9. The initial importance of a
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cell membranes (type of lipids)? Phospholipids and cholesterol make up cell membranes. 9. What are steroids? They are a type of hormone that can cross cell membrane directly into cells. 10. What is the function of steroids? Steroids are chemical messengers. 11. What are waxes and what is its function? Waxes are on leaves of plants to make them waterproof. 12. What are lipids composed of (structure)? Fats and oils; glycerol and 3 fatty acids. 13. What are the elements that lipids contain? Lipids
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Cellular Respiration 1995: Energy transfer occurs in all cellular activities. For 3 of the following 5 processes involving energy transfer‚ explain how each functions in the cell and give an example. Explain how ATP is involved in each example you choose. Cellular movement Active transport Synthesis of molecules Chemiosmosis Fermentation 1982: Describe the similarities and differences between the biochemical pathways of aerobic respiration and photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells. Include
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collect in the endoplasmic reticulum for transport throughout the cell. Ribosomes: Ribosomes are packets of RNA and protein that play a crucial role in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They are the site of protein synthesis. Each ribosome comprises two parts‚ a large subunit and a small subunit. Messenger RNA from the cell nucleus is moved systematically along the ribosome where transfer RNA adds individual amino acid molecules to the lengthening protein
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vascular disease- are both contained within the cell on which structures? His predisposition for vascular disease is held in the Mitochondrial DNA. The information that is needed to repair itself is held in the DNA also but is mainly held in the Messenger RNA‚ which directs the synthesis of specific proteins that can help repair the body. E. Joseph’s heart attack has caused the function of his cells to change. What types
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in the body. These viruses have been found many different animals including cats‚ sheep‚ cattle and horses A retrovirus is a virus which has a genome consisting of two RNA molecules‚ which may or may not be identical. It relies on the enzyme reverse transcriptase to perform the reverse transcription of its genome from RNA into DNA‚ which can then be integrated in the host‟s genome with an integrase enzyme. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus It is now generally accepted that HIV
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The cell is the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms. Some cells are complete organisms‚ such as the unicellular bacteria and protozoa; others‚ such as nerve‚ liver‚ and muscle cells‚ are specialized components of multi-cellular organisms. Cells range in size from the smallest bacteria-like mycoplasmas‚ which are 0.1 micrometer in diameter‚ to the egg yolks of ostriches‚ which are about 8 cm (about 3 in) in diameter. Although they may differ widely in appearance and function‚ all cells
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this module along with additional outside research to answer the questions: 1 Discuss the two methods of viral replication. The two methods of viral replication are done in animal viruses. The first method deals with DNA viruses and the second is RNA viruses. In the DNA virus‚ the viral DNA enters the nucleus of the host cell. Than it is transcribed into mRNA and leaves the nucleus into the cytoplasm. The early mRNA then translates into early viral proteins. The early viral proteins deal with the
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Shier‚ Butler‚ and Lewis: Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology‚ 10th ed. Chapter 4: Cellular Metabolism Chapter 4: Cellular Metabolism I. Metabolic Processes A. Introduction 1. Metabolism is the sum total of chemical reactions within cells. 2. In metabolic reactions‚ the product of one reaction serves as starting materials for another metabolic reaction. 3. This chapter explores how metabolic pathways supply a cell with energy and how other biochemical
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