Unit 5 Biology notes Contents Section 9.1 – Sensory Reception 3 Section 9.2 – Nervous Control 4 Section 9.3 – Control of heart rate 5 Section 9.4 – Role of receptors 6 Section 10.1 – Coordination 8 Section 10.2 – Neurons 10 Section 10.3 – The nerve impulse 11 Section 10.5 – The speed of a nerve impulse 12 Section 10.6/10.7 – Structure and function of the synapse / Transmission across
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TimeLine of Genetics 1750 B.C.E. The Sumerians brew beer. 500 B.C.E. The Chinese use moldy soybean curds as an antibiotic to treat boils. C.E. 100 Powdered chrysanthemum is used in China as an insecticide. 1590 The microscope is invented by Zacharias Janssen. 1663 Cells are first described by Robert Hooke. 1675 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovers bacteria. 1797 Edward Jenner inoculates a child with a viral vaccine to protect him from smallpox. 1830 Proteins are
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information from DNA through RNA to the production of a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide:-The structures involved in polypeptide synthesis are:DNA: A gene contains a sequence of bases to code for a protein. Every set of 3 bases is called a codon. RNA: RNA is similar to DNA except that instead of deoxyribose as the sugar‚ it has ribose. It is single stranded‚ and instead of thymine‚ there is uracil. There are 3 forms involved in polypeptide synthesis:mRNA: Messenger RNA carries the genetic code
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Quiz # 2 on lectures 3‚ 4‚ and including Chapter 2 1. Difference occurs in the sequence of long chain molecules and becomes information in biological organisms. ‘Life’ assembles itself into chains: (A) of RNA (B) all of the answers are correct (C) of DNA (D) of protein (E) none of these answers are correct 2. Which of the following foods is not a significant source of complex carbohydrates? (A) fresh fruit (B) rice (C) pasta (D) oatmeal (E) all of the above are significant
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GATE 2011 Syllabus for Biotechnology Linear Algebra: Matrices and determinants‚ Systems of linear equations‚ Eigen values and Eigen vectors. Calculus: Limit‚ continuity and differentiability‚ Partial derivatives‚ Maxima and minima‚ Sequences and series‚ Test for convergence‚ Fourier Series. Differential Equations: Linear and nonlinear first order ODEs‚ higher order ODEs with constant coefficients‚ Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations‚ Laplace transforms‚ PDE- Laplace‚ heat and wave equations.
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organisms into three domains. Three domains of living organisms: 1. Archaea - very primitive; live in extreme habitats 2. Eubacteria - more advanced 3. Eukaryota - all life forms with eukaryotic cells (have a nucleus) Use of ribosomal RNA sequences for classification rRNA is found in all cells rRNA is easy to isolate Analyzed to determine the exact sequence of nucleotide bases The bases are a complimentary copy of DNA Can be compared by the use of computers and statistics F.1.2
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It can be made from glucose in the body. Question 3 of 30 Which of the following describes a process in protein synthesis? The code to make a protein is carried by a strand of messenger RNA. The final step in completing the protein is carried out in the mitochondria. The function of transfer RNA is to assist in absorption of amino acids into the cell. The DNA binds to ribosomes and directs uptake of specific amino acids to form the peptide chain. Question 4 of 30 A common
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NEURONAL DIVERSITY - Categories of neurons of CNS: 1. Afferent/ sensory neurons – convey information from periphery to CNS 2. Motor- sends commands to muscles and glands 3. Interneurons – most abundant signalling elements in the CNS ( process information locally or convey information from one region of CNS to another • Types: a. Local interneurons/ internuncial neurons/ local circuit neurons – short axon Golgi type II (greatly outnumber type I in CNS)
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a lentivirus (slowly-replicating retrovirus) that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‚ a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive (1). A virus is a piece of genetic material‚ RNA or DNA‚ surrounded by a protein coat. To replicate‚ a virus must infect a cell and direct its cellular machinery to produce new viruses. A virus cannot reproduce without infecting a cell. Viruses prey upon all living organisms‚ turning them into virus
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Biology- cell organelles assignment Animal cells: Introduction: An animal cell is called a eukaryotic cell; it has a cell membrane‚ cytoplasm and a nucleus. The cell surface is covered by a membrane only. The cell membrane is strong and keeps the cell together even though it is thin and flexible. The cell membrane also controls what goes in and out of the cell e.g. nutrients go in and waste comes out. The cytoplasm is inside the nucleus and it controls the cells activities. An animal is
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