Western Regional Chapter of International Fiscal Association –Indian Branch Transfer Pricing Problems‚ Strategies and Documentation Recent International Case Law on Transfer Pricing by Nishith Desai The Taj Mahal Hotel‚ Mumbai January 21st & 22nd 2002 Nishith Desai Associates 2 TRANSFER PRICING Content I. II. Introduction History III. Select International cases US Cases 1. 2. 3. Compaq Computer Corporation V. Commissioner DHL Corporation and Subsidiaries V. Commissioner Texaco
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Market Structures and Pricing Strategies Kiona Thomas American Public University Econ600 Abstract The article analyzes the four main market structures‚ which are perfect competition‚ monopolistic competition‚ oligopoly and monopoly. It provides a detail description of the market‚ as well as explains the pricing strategy a firm would pursue in that particular market. The article also concludes with a real world example of Visa pricing strategy by examining it oligopoly market
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Often Hindustan Unilever must invest in production capacity before a product is brought to market. At the time of investment‚ product demand is uncertain‚ and the capacity decision might be made using a forecast of the product sales‚ where the forecast may take the form of a probability distribution. This uncertainty in the product demand complicates the capacity investment decision and any reduction in the uncertainty would be desirable. In some circumstances‚ the company may have the ability
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Pricing Pricing is the process of determining what a company will receive in exchange for its products. Pricing factors are manufacturing cost‚ market place‚ competition‚ market condition‚ and quality of product. Pricing is also a key variable in microeconomic price allocation theory. Pricing is a fundamental aspect of financial modeling and is one of the four Ps of the marketing mix. The other three aspects are product‚ promotion‚ and place. Price is the only revenue generating element amongst
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“What is the so-called pricing process?” Pricing is the determination of monetary amount in exchange on the commodity sold or the service rendered by the business. In pricing‚ the Business should consider the following factors that affect pricing: 1. The manufacturing or production cost. Variable and fixed costs are the costs incurred in a product or service. Examine whether the costs that have been incurred in the commodity sold or service rendered are going to be covered up by the revenue
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Meanings and Definition of Demand: The word ’demand’ is so common and familiar with every one of us that it seems superfluous to define it. The need for precise definition arises simply because it is sometimes confused with other words such as desire‚ wish‚ want‚ etc. Demand in economics means a desire to possess a good supported by willingness and ability to pay for it. If your have a desire to buy a certain commodity‚ say a car‚ but you do not have the adequate means to pay for it‚ it will
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Quo vadis? Towards an effective predatory pricing provision Garth Campbell* The level of criticism directed at s 46 of the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) for its inability to capture predatory pricing indicates that smaller businesses are extremely concerned about this practice. Such criticism reached its peak following the High Court’s decision in Boral Besser Masonry Ltd v ACCC (2003) 215 CLR 374‚ which rejected a claim of predatory pricing. Since then‚ the Birdsville Amendment and other recent
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Chapter FORECASTING Discussion Questions 1. Qualitative models incorporate subjective factors into the forecasting model. Qualitative models are useful when subjective factors are important. When quantitative data are difficult to obtain‚ qualitative models may be appropriate. 2. Approaches are qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative is relatively subjective; quantitative uses numeric models. 3. Short-range (under 3 months)‚ medium-range (3 months to 3 years)‚ and long-range (over
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Forecasting "Best Practices" "Effective demand planning and sales forecasting across the supply chain can bring a host of benefits. Specifically‚ it can help improve labor productivity‚ reduce head count‚ cut inventories‚ and speed up production flows‚ and increase revenues and profits. -Edward J. Marien To find the "best practices" for forecasting‚ our team researched many cases of forecasting success‚ and found five companies with a common theme. Rayovac‚ the Coca-Cola Bottling Company
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Ethical Food Labeling and Packaging After seeing the ad on television or in the weekly grocer flyer‚ seeing the actual labeling on a product is what consumers have to make informed choices. What started out to be another form of advertising and last attempt to sell a product‚ food packaging and labeling has been regulated through the FDA and FD&C to require certain information. It was declared to be the policy of the Congress to assist consumers and manufacturers in reaching these goals
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