= 7.0 pH of Blood Normal pH = 7.4 ± 0.05 Acidosis pH < 7.4 Alkalosis pH > 7.4 Abnormal pH can disrupt normal body function and affect performance Survival range: 6.8 – 7.8 Conditions and Diseases That Promote Metabolic Acidosis or Alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Gain in the amount of acid in the body Long-term starvation Through production of ketoacids From fat metabolism Uncontrolled diabetes Diabetic ketoacidosis Metabolic alkalosis Loss of acids from the body Severe vomiting
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by osmosis from the digestive tract to the bloodstream and by capillary filtration from the blood to the tissue fluid. b) What are the different forms of water gain and water loss in the body?. What are the disorders of water balance. Metabolic Water: It is the product of aerobic metabolism and dehydration synthesis. About 200ml/day. Preformed Water: Ingested in foods and drinks every day. About 1‚600ml/day. c) Name major cations and anions of the body? What is the most abundant
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CHAP 6 NCLEX Q’s (12) 1. The nurse is preparing to teach the patient about maintaining his health. Which whole medical system would best aid the nurse in guiding the patient? A Naturopathy B Homeopathy C Holistic nursing D Traditional Chinese medicine 2. The patient describes methods he has been using for affordable health care. Which ones are complementary and alternative therapies (CATs) (select all that apply)? A Garlic B Prayer C Acupuncture D Healing Touch E Chiropractic therapy
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Notes on Final Exam: Practice Exams 1-4 are open for practice Final Exam consists of 100 questions Red scantron required Equal amount of questions from last 3 chapters covered. Wasn’t enough time to cover everything‚ so don’t JUST study this! DO NOT FORGET – Exam 4 due Monday at noon! Endocrine System Hormones: functions‚ where they’re secreted from‚ etc. Adrenal Glands: Cortex: Zona Glomerulosa mineralcorticoids - Aldosterone Zona Fasiculata glucocorticoids – Cortisol (synergist)
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Fluid and Electrolytes Imbalances Fluid Compartments: * Extracellular Fluid (ECF) – This is fluid found outside of the cells and the amount of ECF decreases with age. In the newborn for example‚ approximately ½ of the body fluid is contained in the ECF. By the time the infant has reached one year old; the ECF has decreased to approximately 1/3 of the total volume. In an average 70 kg adult the ECF is approximately 15 liters of total volume. ECF can further be divided into the following:
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digits * carpopedal spasm * hyperreflexia * Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign | >13.5 mg/dL | * caused by disease: hyperparathyroidism * bone metastases with Ca resorption * excess vitamin D * tumor produce PTH and elevate Ca * acidosis | * fatigue‚ weakness * lethargy * anorexia * nausea * constipation * impaired renal function * kidney stones
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CHEM 309: Integrated General‚ Organic‚ and Biological Chemistry: Spring 2011 Test # 3 You have 60 minutes to complete the exam – manage your time accordingly. An ambiguous or illegible answer is a wrong answer. Please read the directions carefully as most questions have several parts. Please do not begin until asked to do so. __________________ print your name here Pg # 3 (25 pts) Pg # 4 (21 pts) Pg # 5 (30 pts) Pg # 6 (24 pts) 1 2 1. (4) If 15.0 g of CaCl2 are present
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assessing the skin for color‚ warmth‚ and capillary refill. The last thing we discussed was to monitor the patient’s ABGs. If the airway wasn’t working how it should‚ the patient would be in respiratory alkalosis if the machine was breathing for them too fast or they would be in respiratory acidosis if the airway was not placed correctly and getting rid of their
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is crucial for normal cellular function. Acid-base homeostasis is the part of human homeostasis and refers to the balance between the production and elimination of H+ hydrogen ions (pH) within the body fluids (William‚ Simpkins‚ 2001‚ p.236). Metabolic reactions within the cells often produce a huge excess of H+. Lack of any mechanism for its excretion would lead H+ levels in body fluids rise quickly to the lethal levels (Tortora‚ Grabowski 2006‚ p.1001); therefore the homeostasis of the right
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glucuronic acid or glycine‚ in which both have different metabolic pathways. The primary pathway is the conjugation with glycine‚ which is saturable and approximately 90% of salicylate is metabolised through this pathway with low doses of aspirin. When the maximum capacity of this pathway is achieved‚ the other pathways with a lower clearance become more important. Therefore‚ the half-life of the salicylate depends on the significant metabolic pathway used at a given concentration‚ and with increasing
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