BASIC CONCEPTS IN BIOCHEMISTRY A STUDENT’S SURVIVAL GUIDE Second Edition HIRAM F. GILBERT‚ Ph.D. Professor of Biochemistry Baylor College of Medicine Houston‚ Texas McGraw-Hill Health Professions Division New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogotá Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto • • • • • • • • • • • • BASIC CONCEPTS IN BIOCHEMISTRY‚ 2/E Copyright © 2000‚ 1992 by the McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc. All rights
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Text Edition (10th/11th/12th) is specified if the figure numbers are DIFFERENT in the editions. If figure numbers are the SAME‚ then the edition is not specified. ****502 Students: Read this paragraph **** If you are a 502 student using this guide‚ this is based on Dr. Rust’s lectures in Physiol 201. Topics may have been covered in more detail in 502 or the coverage or emphasis may have been different since many topics in 502 were taught by other professors- so use your notes and slides along
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Introduction Fluorouracil is a pyrimidine simple and is utilized as a part of malignancy treatment. It is a suicide inhibitor and works through irreversible restraint of thymidylate synthase. It fits in with the group of medications which is known as the antimetabolites 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a cytotoxic medication. It hinders the creation of pyrimidine. They are utilized as a part of the treatment of a few diseases‚ for example‚ head and neck tumor (squamous cell carcinoma)‚ nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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a. SATURATED FATS FROM NONSATURATED FATS An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain. A fat molecule is monounsaturated if it contains one double bond‚ and polyunsaturated if it contains more than one double bond. Where double bonds are formed‚ hydrogen atoms are eliminated. Thus‚ asaturated fat has no double bonds‚ has the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to the carbons‚ and therefore is "saturated" with hydrogen atoms. In cellularmetabolism
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Simon‚ E.J.‚ Dickey‚ J.L.‚ & Reece‚ J.B. (2010). Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. * Kozlicki‚ S. & Wagar‚ L. (2009). Cell Metabolism. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOdhg1J_kQg * Prteur‚ Bryant (2010). 02-Chemistry in Biology. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zu4rcGK1fHk * Texas Education Agency. (2012).Cell Structure and Function-Advanced Biotechnology
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respectively. Most of our cells prefer to get their energy by using oxygen to fuel metabolism. During exercise with adequate fuel and oxygen (i.e.‚ aerobic)‚ muscle cells can contract repeatedly without fatigue. During anaerobic or non-oxygen conditions (i.e.‚ higher intensity exercise)‚ muscle cells must rely on other reactions that do not require oxygen to fuel muscle contraction. This anaerobic metabolism in the cells produces waste molecules that can impair muscle contractions. We call this
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Cocaine – give NH4CI Rate of elimination There are sufficient liver enzymes to metabolize high concentration of drugs But‚ lower levels of drug leads to slower metabolism Therefore‚ rate of excretion described by half-life Half-life (T ½) = Time to reduce [ ] of drug in blood plasma by one half First Order Kinetics Rate of metabolism is proportional to the [ ] of the drug; half-life does not vary with the dose; 97% eliminated in 5 half lives Zero Order Kinetics Drug cleared at a constant rate
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effects. Drug metabolism via the cytochrome P450 system has emerged as an important determinant in the occurrence of several drug-drug interactions. A greater degree of interaction predictability has been achieved through the identification of P450 isozymes and some of the drugs that share them. Six different P450 isozymes—CYP1A2‚ CYP2C19‚ CYP2C9‚ CYP2D6‚ CYP2E1‚ and CYP3A4—that play important roles in drug metabolism have been identified (1‚ 2). Of these 6 isozymes‚ shared metabolism by the CYP3A4
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soon in doing any work such as walking or doing any exercising work. The dosage of this medicine‚ if taken on a regular basis for a quite some time‚ it can make you feel the change in you and you can gain back your energy again due to high rate of metabolism in your body. Also you will stay fit and free from various diseases. Free from high cholesterol Garcinia Cambogia is a very effective way of decreasing the number of lipids that causes bad cholesterol in the blood. Also along with maintaining
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Intensive Care Nursery House Staff Manual Inborn Errors of Metabolism INTRODUCTION and PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) comprise a group of disorders in which a single gene defect causes a clinically significant block in a metabolic pathway resulting either in accumulation of substrate behind the block or deficiency of the product. All IEMs are all genetically transmitted typically in an autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive fashion. The major categories are: Organic
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