January 2001 Number 12 Periodicity - Trends in Period 3 To succeed in this topic you need to:• understand the work in Factsheet 1 on Atomic Structure • understand the work in Factsheet 6 on structure of elements and compounds‚ including how bonding relates to physical properties. • be able to use the periodic table to locate the positions of elements. The Periodic Table In the periodic table‚ elements are placed in order of increasing atomic number (fig 1.) The horizontal rows of elements
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1 – STRUCTURE & BONDING Fill in the gaps: When two elements react together they make a _________ substance called a_________. It is _________ to separate the elements after the reaction. Some atoms react by sharing electrons. We call this _________ bonding. Other atoms react by _________ or _________ electrons. We call this _________ bonding. When atoms react in this way they get the electronic structure of a _________ gas. Use pictures and words to describe each type of bonding: Ionic Fill in
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determining whether they are molecular‚ ionic‚ macromolecular or metallic. Introduction Chemical substances could be named ionic‚ molecular or metallic substance‚ based on the kind of bond present in it. Solid ionic compound is composed of ions‚ which are held together by large electrostatic forces. Bonding in molecular substance is caused by the sharing of electrons by atoms. When the stable aggregates resulting from covalent bonding contain relatively small numbers of atoms‚ they are called molecules
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‘sea’ of mobile delocalised valence electrons. • Metallic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between the delocalised electrons and the positive ions in the metallic lattice. Properties of metals: Property Explanation Relatively high density The particles are very close together. This is because of high electrostatic forces between the sea of valence electrons and the positively charged nucleus. Malleability and Ductility Because metallic bonding is non-directional-meaning that the bonds don’t
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this means. This would make them more stable‚ less reactive and an electronic structure like a noble gas. They are most frequently formed between pairs of non-metallic elements. Non-metallic elements usually have from four to eight electrons in their outermost shells‚ the so-called valency electrons‚ which are used for chemical bonding. In any given “full” shell of eight electrons‚ the electrons occur in four pairs‚ but in incomplete shells‚ the electrons exist singly where possible. Sometimes
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structure Simple molecular structure Bonding Ionic bonding Ionic bonding Ionic bonding Covalent bonding Covalent bonding Covalent bonding Boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the external pressure on the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor. Melting point is the temperature at which the lattice is collapses and the solid is converted into liquid. The trend in structure is from the metallic oxides containing giant structures of
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* Distinguish between group and period in relation to electron arrangement of atoms. * Know that elements are represented by symbols and form molecules with fixed atomicity Periodic trends. * Describe the change from metallic to non-metallic character
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chemistry class just a tiny bit easier. Chemical Bonding Basics In bonding‚ atoms lose‚ gain‚ or share electrons in order to have the same number of electrons as the noble gas that’s nearest on the periodic table. Ionic‚ covalent‚ and metallic bonds are formed by combinations of metals and nonmetals. * Metal + nonmetal = ionic bond * Nonmetal + nonmetal = covalent bond * Metal + metal = metallic bond When two elements engage in ionic bonding‚ one or more electrons are transferred from the
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AS Chemistry Revision-Chemistry for Life 1. Avagadro constant‚ 6.02 x 10²³ number of particles in 1 mole of a substance 2. Empirical formula-simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound 3. 4. Model of an atom Particle Mass on relative atomic scale Charge Proton 1 1+ Neutron 1 0 Electron Very small (0.00055) 1- 5. Radioactive isotopes Radiation What is it? Relative charge How does the nucleus change? Stopped by? Deflection in electric field? Alpha α Helium nuclei ⁴₂He +2 2 fewer
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Oakland Schools Chemistry Resource Unit Intermolecular Forces Brook R. Kirouac David A. Consiglio‚ Jr. Southfield‐Lathrup High School Southfield Public Schools Bonding: Intermolecular Forces Content Statements: C2.2: Chemical Potential Energy Potential energy is stored whenever work must be done to change the distance between two objects. The attraction between the two objects may be gravitational‚ electrostatic‚ magnetic‚ or strong force. Chemical potential energy is the result
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