since a single substance might one day be part of one body‚ e.g.‚ a skin cell‚ and the next day part of another‚ e.g.‚ the cell is eaten by another organism‚ breaks down‚ and through biological processes becomes part of the new body (“Discourse on Metaphysics‚” § 34‚ p. 245). This past writing of Leibniz’ has likely influenced what he wrote in “Monadology‚” for this definition of a substance is very similar to his idea of a monad; it is also intrinsically linked to the idea that all things are plenums
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In the article‚ “The Metaphysics of Sex and Gender”‚ Asta discusses how and why sex and gender are conferred properties. According to Asta‚ a conferred property is one that is “dependent on human thoughts‚ attitudes and practices.” (p.59) A property that is attributed by a person’s judgement onto something or someone is said to be conferred. Asta states that for a property to be conferred‚ it must meet five criteria. Firstly‚ one must decide what property is being conferred‚ for example‚ crime is
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Immanuel Kant’s Principles of the Metaphysics of Ethics is a hard read‚ but filled with lots of ideas and meanings. Some of the main ideas of this reading were concerned with moral law‚ and duty to oneself. Kant says that morality should be judged and analyzed first before being implemented into certain situations. Any moral law that we create influences the way we think and act towards others. What I think he was saying is that every human being has the potential to create their own morality‚ but
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In his work "Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals" Kant explores the question of morality and outlines its main principles. In the Part II of his work Kant reveals what morality is‚ as well as what it is not through discussing its origin and defines morality as a type of imperative (a commanding sentence). Kant starts his reflections from making a claim that morality can in no way emanate from experience and that there has never been an experience of purely moral actions‚ because actions base
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“All men by nature desire understanding.” This is how Aristotle opens his famous Metaphysics‚ one of the greatest philosophical works ever produced. The thirst for knowledge has always occupied Western man at least since the time of Thales‚ and even though many different views and opinions about what knowledge is and how it can be gained have abounded throughout Western philosophy up to this very day‚ the fact that so many men have dedicated their lives to seeking knowledge on all sort of different
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Epistemology and Metaphysics Schools Paper Team B PSY/215 Epistemology and Metaphysics Schools Paper The nature of skepticism in real-life today‚ on a daily basis goes mostly unnoticed. People react to environments of skepticism differently and could become biased upon the subject discussed. According to Encyclopedia Britannica (2011)‚ “skepticism is defined as 1: an attitude of doubt or a disposition to incredulity either in general or toward a particular object 2
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Aristotle published Metaphysics and Alexander the Great was not content with him doing so. Alexander believed that by publishing the book‚ Aristotle believed that he was uncovering all the secrets to the masses. Alexander thought that knowing the secrets of metaphysical knowledge was what made him unique‚ and is should not have made its way to the light and everyone’s acknowledgement. Based on the reading of “The Metaphysics‚” I believe Alexander the Great was upset at the fact that Aristotle
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In Kant’s Foundation for the Metaphysics of Morals‚ he acknowledges the recommendation from the earlier that whatever instrument is found in man‚ it must be the most fitting instrument for it. Accordingly‚ it can’t be that joy is the most astounding characteristic since reason is not favorable for it. Nature would have constrained man’s reason from the domain of satisfaction and depended man’s bliss to impulse alone. Rather‚ Kant brings up that reason in the domain of satisfaction really prompts
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Remaining Issues with the Discourse on Metaphysics There are still some problems with the position Leibniz holds‚ the most concerning being a failure to establish or support man’s choice as something besides a possible‚ though certain‚ motion of their essence. Their actions may be accidentally determined by this internal nature‚ but this affords no more freedom than the existence of alternate possibilities. Something yet more concerning: while Leibniz perceives action completely determined by nature
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In his publication‚ Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals‚ Immanuel Kant supplies his readers with a thesis that claims morality can be derived from the principle of the categorical imperative. The strongest argument to support his thesis is the difference between actions in accordance with duty and actions in accordance from duty. To setup his thesis‚ Kant first draws a distinction between empirical and "a priori" concepts. Empirical concepts are ideas we reach from our experiences in the world
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