“A man who as a physical being is always turned toward the outside‚ thinking that his happiness lies outside him‚ finally turns inward and discovers that the source is within him.” A quote from Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard‚ the man responsible for the birth of existentialist thought. Existentialism is the theory that individuals are independent beings and are free to exercise their own free will. It focuses on questions such as: Do humans have a predetermined essence or do they live completely
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From the reading‚ it is clear to see that there are both similarities and differences in the teaching in philosophy from Parmenides and the Upanishads. Although one is of Greek origin and the other Hindu‚ these different cultures created similar concepts of life and philosophy. This similarity of concepts can be seen across many other aspects of life and culture. With all things vaguely similar there will ultimately be some differences. Parmenides was a famous Greek philosopher that appears to
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According to the dictionary‚ mysticism is defined as follows: belief characterized by self-delusion or dreamy confusion of thought. What does James Williams say about mysticism? James focuses more on the individual aspect of mysticism. He believes that there are two characteristic outcomes of mysticism. One being optimism and the other being monism. I also think we need to ask the question‚ “What exactly is a mystical experience?” A mystical experience is something that a human being experiences
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In response to French’s criticism on how the Turing Test is lacking in terms of evaluating machine intelligence accurately‚ Dale Jacquette criticizes his argument. “It is an empirical matter whether all intelligence is‚ or is not‚ sufficiently like human intelligence to be indistinguishable in verbal behavioral expression from that of intelligent humans. It is an open question to be decided by science rather than by a priori philosophical analogies and thought experiments” (Jacquette 68). Jacquette
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In meditations by Rene Descartes‚ he said he has decided to doubt everything he previously believed to be true and instead rely on only his reasoning ability starting from the scratch and building his knowledge beginning with things of which he is completely certain. He rejects the knowledge from his sense deciding that such knowledge is unreliable and open to deception so is not trustworthy. He reasons that he himself must actually exist because he is able to doubt and to think. He knows that he
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Wes Moore‚ a scholar about to attend Oxford University‚ came across an interesting article while reading the newspaper one day. The article was about another Wes Moore who had recently been sent to prison for life. Wes Moore the scholar decided to send the other man a letter which began the beginning of many encounters between the two. After learning more about each other‚ the two Wes Moores realized that had a lot more in common than just their names. The Other Wes Moore is an autobiography and
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In philosophy‚ an ontological argument is a kind of argument that establishes the existence of some entity. In the case of Anselm‚ he argues in favor of God’s existence. In this paper‚ I will discuss relevant information necessary to understand Anselm’s reasoning. Then I will break down Anselm’s argument. Finally‚ I will present Galindo’s Perfect Island Objection and explain why his criticisms are unfounded. Before examining Anselm’s argument‚ it is necessary to understand the concepts underlying
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Maria Ascher’s *Mathematics Elsewhere‚* identifies mathematical ideas that are present all over the world‚ and is "intended as another step toward a global and humanistic history of mathematics." (Ascher IV) This important volume clarifies how many universal mathematical concepts‚ both simple and complex‚ are used and understood by countless cultures worldwide‚ regardless of differences in geography‚ language‚ and era. By studying and widening the scope of the history and breadth of mathematical
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world comes from free wills other than God. In Greg’s defense he states that God created humanity and chooses to give each individual his or her own freedom. With the freedom that‚ God allows us to experience true love and to be able to deal with the possibility of having the evil we have in the world today. Edward’s questions about God brought another objection about how God whether he knows or does not know the future. He states that God could have prevented all evil by not creating all the bad
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The aim of this paper is to reduce Swinburne’s Christian centered theodicy into a pantheistic theodicy via modification of Spinoza’s necessitarianism. To begin‚ I will accept the imperative conditions of Swinburne’s theodicy up to a certain degree. Consequently‚ the primary condition Swinburne’s theodicy and my proposal each share is the consequentialist disposition of the Divine. However‚ the noted degree at which these theodicies will deviate is the condition demanding objective moral judgments
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