University Of Botswana DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BIO111: Laboratory Exercise 8 The Mutagenic Effects of UV Light Name: sharon reakae INTRODUCTION A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutation rates are usually very low but there are factors that can increase the mutation rates. These factors are referred to as mutagens and conclude a range of physic-chemical agents. UV light is a mutagen that affects all living things and has an adverse effect on the
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I also sterilized the top of the test tube just for contamination purposes. Next I dipped my inoculation loop into the test tube to gather a sample of Staphylococcus aureus. Once I had my sample‚ I then began using the strike method to inoculate my TSA plate. I made sure to flame sterilize my loop between each strikes. I continued on using this same process to inoculate the three remaining TSA plates with the
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antimicrobial activity of alkaloids‚ tannins‚ saponins‚ flavonoids‚ phenol and cardic glycoside present in the various parts of Chrysophyllum albidium plant were investigated. These phytochemical were determined quantitatively and tested against staphylococcus aureus‚ B. subtilis‚ pseudomonas aeruginosa‚ E. coli‚ C. tetani‚ and the fungus; candida albicans. Most the plant parts were found to contain alkaloids‚ tannins‚ phenols and flavonoids except for the absence of cardic glycosides in the root‚ tannins
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More understanding the types and morphology of bacteria. Expected experimental result‚ Escherichia coli (E.coli ) is a negative gram bacteria which stain pink colour ‚ while Staphylococcus aureus ( S.aureus ) is a positive gram bacteria which stain purple colour. Materials Bacteria : Escherichia coli ‚ Staphylococcus aureus Crystal Violet Gram’s iodine Absolute alcohol Safranin Methodology As per manual. Discussion Gram staining is a very importance preliminary step to differentiate
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– In this method‚ the team will get sample to be tested for E. coli or Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. E. Coli normally lives in the intestines‚ where it helps the body break down and digest the food you eat. Unfortunately‚ certain types (called strains) of E. Cole can get from the intestines into the blood. This is a rare illness‚ but it can cause a very serious infection. Staphylococcus aureus a bacteria capable of food poisoning. This is often caused by improper food handling‚ which
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cycle‚ the endospore exists. It can withstand extreme temperatures‚ chemicals‚ and radiation for thousands of years. Once conditions are favorable again‚ the endospore germinates and the cycle repeats. In the endospore staining‚ the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was used. Due to its hardy nature‚ heat is used to impart the malachite green stain into both the endospore and vegetative cells. In this lab‚ the Schaeffer-Fulton method is used‚ which uses a steam bath to heat the stain. Water is then used
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those results of the stain to determine what my unknown could be. The first test I did was the catalase test. It had a positive reaction meaning the bacteria produced the enzyme catalase. This helped me narrow my unknown down to Micrococcus and Staphylococcus. I inoculated my unknown onto a mannitol salt agar. The growth and color change to yellow indicated mannitol fermentation because acid was produced. The acid fermentation is a characteristic of the pathogen
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Most cases of bacterial tonsillitis are caused by group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes (GABHS). The oropharynx and Waldeyer tonsillar ring are normally colonized by many different species of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria‚ including Staphylococcus‚ non-hemolytic streptococci‚ Lactobacillus‚
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on Medicinal Uses of Weeds in Sri Lanka. Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension‚ 10. JAHAN F.‚ LAWRENCE R.‚KUMAR V.‚ and JUNAID M.(2011). Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Plant Extracts on Antibiotic-susceptible and Resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Available: http: //www.jocpr.com. MENDOZA‚ D. and J.V. SANTOS. (1971). Common Weeds and Their Distribution. Plants of the Philippines. Science Education Center‚ UP. NASCIMENTO G.G.F.‚ LACATELLI J.‚ FREITAS P.C.‚ and SILVA G.L. (2000)
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(2004) Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Surgery: An Advisory Statement from the National Surgical Infection Prevention Project. CID 2004:38 Klevens‚et.al. (2007) Invasive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in the United States. JAMA. 2007;298 (15);1763-1771.doi: 10.1001/jama.298.15.1763 Urinary Catheter use • • • • • • • • • Patients/families are encouraged to: Ask every day for the catheter to be removed and healthcare providers
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