Introduction Generally‚ PET can be produced in two steps by one of two ways‚ called the DMT and the TPA processes‚ or the transesterfication and direct esterification routes‚ respectively. Since its commercialization in the 1950’s by DuPont‚ PET was predominantly synthesized out of DMT due to the fact that this monomer‚ compared to TPA‚ was relatively easily purified by distillation. Yet‚ since the 1960’s‚ purified TPA became available by the development of new technologies and gained a lot of importance
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GRADE 11 CHEMISTRY (30S) Final Practice Examination Answer Key GRADE 11 CHEMISTRY (30S) Final Practice Examination Answer Key IInstructions The final examination will be weighted as follows Modules 1–3 Modules 4–6 The format of the examination will be as follows: Part A: Fill-in-the-Blanks Part B: Multiple Choice Part C: Short Answer Total Marks Include units with all answers as required. Useful Information You will need the following in order to complete this examination: n n n n 15–20% 80–85%
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THE VICTORIA SCHOOL SANTIAGO JACOME LAB REPORT PTC BIOLOGY SL AIM: The aim of this lab is to analyze the genotype differences of classmates that are able to taste PTC‚ Thiourea and Sodium benzoate and determine the phenotypes found. Testing the ability to taste PTC has been a mainstay activity in human genetics for generations of teacher and students. The ability to taste PTC is inherited. Traditionally this is presented as a case of simple Mendelian inheritance involving a dominant allele for tasting
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Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil) Using A Fischer Esterification Reaction Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize Isopentyl Acetate using a Fischer esterification reaction. Fischer esterification is an acid-catalyzed condensation of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid‚ yielding an ester and water. Isopentyl Acetate has the scent of banana oil‚ once synthesized it will be purified by distillation. Then the analysis of the sample using H NMR and IR will determine purity
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Abstract: For the first part of this lab we refluxed different Carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of a acid catalyst in order to form Esters by Fischer Esterification. These Esters had different pleasant smells that we then evaluated. In the second part of the experiment‚ we broke the ester bonds of a triglyceride in order to form glycerol and carboxylate salts. This process is known as Saponification because it produces amphiphilic molecules that allow soap to remove dirt from the surface
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INVESTIGATORY PROJECT Flower bloom perfume Submitted by: Ma.anne Briones Frances Blanco
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in a lot of natural products like flowers‚ spices and fruits. They are usually used in artificial flavorings. Carboxylic esters help amplify the sensory effect of esters. Isopentyl acetate is made from the direct esterification of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol. The direct esterification of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol is an equilibrium reaction that shifts the product to the side by using the excess of one of the starting reagents. Acetic acid usually used in excess because it is easier to
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Vol. 21 Summer 2005 Newborn Screening in the 21st Century From the Editors and Authors: Since our last Update on Newborn Screening in 1998‚ there has been significant expansion of newborn screening programs in various regions of the country‚ mostly to include metabolic disorders identifiable by tandem mass spectrometry. States in our region are just now starting to expand their programs. The Summer 2005 Genetic Drift provides an update on newborn dried blood spot screening (NBS). Specifically
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Typical soft drinks usually contain carbonated water‚ caffeine‚ sodium benzoate‚ flavoring agents‚ and sweeteners as well for the purpose for enhancing flavor‚ and in the case of benzoate‚ to function as a preservative. Caffeine is one of the major components that is found in several beverages like coffee‚ energy drinks‚ tea‚ and soft drinks; just to name a few. Caffeine is known to be a powerful drug‚ which many people become dependent on; when they wake up in the morning it is typical to have a
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2 3.Theory 3.1 Recrystallisation 3 3.2 Esterification 3 4.Procedure 4.1 Preparation of aspirin
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