Variation plays a vital role in human survival. Variation occurs in the process of meiosis. Meiosis is the process in which human sex cells‚ called gametes‚ are produced. Meiosis starts with a parent cell‚ called a diploid‚ replicating its DNA. After the DNA is replicated‚ the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell where each pair touches each other and genetic information from the alleles are shuffled and exchanged‚ a process called crossing-over. The crossing-over over of chromosomes results
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Lab RepoRt assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions‚ diagrams if needed‚ and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate student’s writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Exercise
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variable offspring‚ some of which will have improved chances of survival in changing environments Secondly‚ three ways that sexual reproduction increase genetic variability includes the independent orientation of chromosomes during meiosis‚ crossing over during meiosis and the random fertilization. During the independent orientation and the crossing over‚ the genetic information gets mixed up which increases genetic diversity among the offspring. Because of both the independent orientation and the
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during cell division. Eukaryotic cell division consists of: — Mitosis‚ the division of the nucleus — Cytokinesis‚ the division of the cytoplasm Gametes and spores are produced by a variation of cell division called meiosis.
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Know definitions of the words used for Meiosis‚ Mendel’s work and Genetics Dominant – expression that is always expressed when its gene recessive - An expression that is expressed only when its allele is the only form of the gene present in the genotype. incomplete dominance - Neither allele is dominant to the other‚ thus each is expressed in the heterozygous genotype producing an intermediate phenotype. EX. Red (RR) and White (R’R’) snapdragons produce pink (RR’). epistasis - A condition
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of the thirteenth chromosomes‚ specifically the ATP7B gene which is located in the long arm of each chromosome thirteen and contains the DNA needed to make copper regulating proteins. A point or frame-shift DNA mutation occurs in the ATP7B during meiosis leaving the individual with the wrong nitrogenous base and therefore incorrect instructions to build the proteins that pair up with unneeded copper to excrete it from the body. Studies show frame-shift mutations are a more frequent cause of this disorder
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Q1:Why is reproduction essential for organisms? Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all living organisms. It is a biological process through which living organisms produce offspring’s similar to them. Reproduction ensures the continuance of various species on the Earth. In the absence of reproduction‚ the species will not be able to exist for a long time and may soon get extinct. Q2:Which is a better mode of reproduction sexual or asexual? Why? Sexual reproduction is a better mode of reproduction
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treating human conditions should be obtained from umbilical cords rather than human embryos. Suggest one reason why. because it is more ethical this way (1) (c) Stem cells divide by mitosis. Gametes are formed by meiosis. Give two differences between mitosis and meiosis. 1 in mitosis the resulting cells of the divsions are clones of the original cell 2 meosis occurs in plants animals and fungi mitosis only occurs in humans. (2) (Total 5 marks) Q2. Read the information about stem
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Biology: * Chapter 1: The Cell * Cell Adhesion Molecules (C.A.M.’s) - proteins that allow cells to recognize each other and contribute to proper cell differentiation and development. * DNA→ Genes → Histones → Chromosomes (or Chromatids) * Nucleolus- synthesizes rRNA * Smooth E.R. - lipid synthesis and detox of drugs and poison * Rough E.R. – Production of proteins products * Golgi Apparatus - series of membrane bound sacs; receives materials from smooth E.R. and sends
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Inheritance Chapter Questions 1) Chromosomes and genes share all of the following characteristics except that A) they are both present in pairs in all diploid cells. B) they both undergo segregation during meiosis. C) their copy numbers in the cell decrease after meiosis‚ and increase during fertilization. D) they are both copied during the S phase of the cell cycle. E) they both pair up with their homologues during prophase of mitosis. Answer: E Topic: Concept 15.1 Skill: Knowledge
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