England and the pressing engagements of the emperor Alexander and Lord Castlereagh delayed the congress until the autumn‚ when all Europe sent its representatives to accept the hospitality of the impoverished but magnificent Austrian court. Metternich‚ though he had not yet completely established his position‚ acted as chief Austrian representative‚ and he was naturally in his capacity as host the president of the congress. Friedrich v. Gentz acted as secretary both to him and the congress and
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popular uprisings‚ but eventually failed when the nationalistic coalitions were weakened by their different opinions on the issues at hand. Prince Klemens von Metternich was a foreign minister to the multiethnic Austrian Empire. As a result of Austria’s diversity‚ national and liberal views were extremely threatening to the state. Metternich was afraid that liberalism and nationalism would divide his empire (McKay‚ 689). When liberal and national ideas entered the Austrian Empire‚ people started
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provisions of The Vienna Settlement (1815) relating to Italy been overthrown by 1849? In 1815 there was a meeting of the great powers – Britain‚ Russia‚ Austria‚ Prussia and France – to consider the future of Italy after Napoleonic rule had ended. Metternich‚ the leader of Austria at the time‚ had various main aims regarding the situation of Italy‚ the majority of which revolved around stopping French influence and not allowing liberalism which could lead to wars and revolutions‚ or nationalism which
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John C. Wright History – 386 Dr. Blum 11/02/2012 Exam #2 This exam is a reflection on the German state‚ and how it came to be‚ as well as a look into the actual obstacles that Bismarck had to overcome in order to join the Germanic states in to one‚ solid German nation. This will be accomplished by focusing on significant people and significant political and economic views that they held to show the differing positions in 1848 – 1849‚ and by looking at pertinent facts in the 1850s. This
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abdicated • Seen as ‘first collective action of German unity‚ but is known as a myth • Unacceptable behavior of French troops fueled nationalism The Vienna Settlement • 1814-15 – Austria and Prussian rivalry prevented unity • Metternich described as peaceful ‘dualism‚’ • Austria gained territory in Italy • Habsburg rulers in central Italian duchies (Parma‚ Modena‚ Tuscany) • Prussia gained Saxony‚ Rhineland‚ Westphalia‚ Pomerania • Rhineland Catholic‚ supported
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planned to revolt. He planned to attack Piedmont (the strongest‚ independent Italian state) through Switzerland. l Finally‚ he failed. l In 1848‚ there was Risorgimento movement. Many anti-Austrian movements were carried out. l After Metternich fell from power‚ more Italians supported the movement. l However‚ they all failed because: n 1. They had different ideas of political system so that the revolutionaries were divided into 3 groups: federalism (e.g. USA)‚ republicanism (e
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“Evaluate the impact of ONE pharaoh to the development of New Kingdom Egypt” Thutmose III Thutmose III gained the throne from his father Thutmose II‚ but was considered to be not old enough to reign and as a result Hatshepsut‚ his stepmother became the regent and eventually became came co-pharaoh with Thutmose III‚ he reigned for just under 55 years‚ reigned from 1479-1425 BC. When Hatshepsut died in 1458‚ it meant that Thutmose could step forward and take the reigns on his own; it was at this
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membership in the secret societies‚ such as the Carbonari and the Freemasons‚ who sought to relieve the people of press censorship and the reintroduction of meritocracy. These revolutions eventually ended in defeat‚ as the Austrian chancellor‚ Metternich‚ despised republican ideals and wanted to keep Italy divided and weak. The revolutions of 1831-32 once again attempted to overthrow the reactionary autocrats and to create new Italian states‚ however once more the rebelling provinces were defeated
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the Austrian Chancellor Metternich ensured that all revolutionary groups were suppressed through strict censorship and continuous espionage against their groups. This determination to use Austria’s might to keep Italy weak is demonstrated by her crushing without exemption of the 1831 uprisings in Modena and the Papal States when Austrian forces were very publicly used to destroy‚ without negotiation‚ all those who revolted along with many innocent bystanders. Metternich was determined to ensure
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SP History 117 – Final Exam Two Professor JKW May 23‚ 2013 The Demise of European Liberalism in the Nineteenth Century Word Count: 1‚692 (excludes footnotes and works cited) During the long nineteenth century‚ liberalism gained increasing support and popularity as an alternative to the political doctrines of conservatism‚ socialism‚ and communism. European liberals subscribed to diverse political ideologies and methods of governance; however‚ they all shared common threads
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