Introduction Yeasts are a Leading cause of spoilage of yogurt‚ doogh and fermented milks in which the low pH provides a selective environment for their growth (Fleet‚ 1990; Rohm‚ Eliskasses‚ & Bräuer‚ 1992; Hansen and Jakobsen‚ 2004). Yogurts and doogh having initial counts of >100 CFU/g tend to spoil quickly. Yeasty and fermented off-flavors and Swelling of the doogh and yoghurt package are often detected when yeasts grow to 105–106 CFU/g (Fleet‚ 1990). Green and Ibe (1986)‚ Viljoen et al (2003)
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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS External environmental factors include sociocultural‚ Legal‚ Economic‚ Political‚ and Technology. The micro environment on the other hand comprises the industry and market. SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS. Religion‚ education‚ ethnicity‚ education and language‚ age group‚ family‚ cross cultural differences. In 1978‚ the Chinese government introduced a birth control policy of one child per family. (Newsweek 2014) This in the long run will reduce both sales and labor availability
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The micro-macro dilemma relates to a variety of circumstances and situations and is essential for numerous decisions daily that people make. This is particularly true for many of the business decisions that organizations make in concerns to marketing. From the perspective of marketing‚ high-powered engine in cars is a pleasurable and worthwhile option or many consumers‚ especially consumers who enjoy driving high-powered vehicles or participate in recreational activities that require the high-powered
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Micro vs. Macro Economics Micro-indiidual consumers/firms Macro-economic aggregates-GDP‚ inflations‚ unemployment Markets-opportunity for exchange 1) Opportunity Costs-value of the next best for gone alternative when a decision is made -all decisions involve an opportunity cost (assuming the firm operates efficiently) 2) Marginal Analysis-analyze situations involving incremental change -marginal: something is changing by a small amount (incremental/one-unit change) 3) Laws of supply and
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Most successful business start-ups are owned by believers and proponents of good strategic management‚ a regimented 7-stage discipline involving vision and mission development‚ external assessment‚ internal assessment‚ long-term objective setting‚ strategy identification and selection‚ strategy implementation‚ and performance evaluation. Well-meaning strategic management practitioners consider five (5) key external forces in doing the external assessment exercise‚ and these are political‚ economic
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Global factors affecting business The way of running the business differs from country to country. The marketing‚ sales and technical skills are required to increase the productivity of business. Business in general is enhanced when people from different cultures find new approaches to old problems‚ creating solutions by combining cultural perspectives and learning to see issues from the viewpoint of others. Business Environment consists of factors influential to the business operations. These
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Compare and contrast macro political risk with micro political risk. Discuss policies to combat their impacts on international business activities. Strategic planning is essential prior to any individual or company deciding to engage in international business whether as direct/indirect investment or through trade. An evaluation of risks should be considered and strategies developed accordingly prior to any potential investment in a foreign country. One such risk which requires consideration is
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POLITICAL FACTORS AFFECTING BUSINESS Monitoring‚ understanding‚ and adapting to the political environment is absolutely essential for any business‚ because it significantly affects every apect of their working. Some political factors includeisPOLITICAL FACTORS AFFECTING BUSINESS Monitoring‚ understanding‚ and adapting to the political environment is absolutely essential for any business‚ because it significantly affects every aspect of their working. Some political factors include • Stability
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aggregate demand and aggregate supply for all goods and services. The main concerns of Macroeconomics are the rate of inflation‚ unemployment and economic growth. On the other hand‚ Microeconomics deals with the functioning of individual consumers‚ business firms and households. While it seems Microeconomics is totally the opposite of Macroeconomics‚ they are actually interdependent and complement one another. This paper will simplify the difference and the connection of the two studies.
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INTRODUCTION 1 I. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING INDUSTRY 1 I.1. PESTEL ANALYSIS 1 I.2. FIVE FORCES MODEL 3 II. IMPLICATIONS OF CHANGING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 4 III. USE AND LIMITATIONS OF TOOLS APPLIED 5 III.1. USE AND LIMITATIONS OF PESTEL 5 III.2. USE AND LIMITATIONS OF FIVE FORCES MODEL 6 SUMMARY 6 APPENDIX 1 8 APPENDIX 2 9 REFERENCES 10 INTRODUCTION The origin of the modern pharmaceutical
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