circulans‚ Bacillus coagulans‚ Bacillus megaterium‚ Bacillus subtilis‚ Bacillus thuringiensis‚ Brevibacillus brevis‚ Geobacillus stereothermophilus‚ Lysinibacillus sphaericus‚ Clostridium perfringens. Lastly‚ there were also 11 Gram-positive cocci microbes: Enterococcus faecalis (Streptococcus)‚ Streptococcus lactis (Lactococcus)‚ Streptococcus mutans‚ Streptococcus pneumoniae‚ Micrococcus (Kocuria) roseus‚ Sarcina lutea (Micrococcus luteus)‚ Sporosarcina ureae‚ Staphylococcus aureus‚ Staphylococcus
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the nutrition from organic carbon(carbs‚lipids‚protein) • Prototroph: take nutrition from sunlight. • Chemotrophic take nutrition from chemicals. c. Oxygen requirement • Aerobes : Microbes which can grow in the presences of O2 • Anaerobes : Microbes which can grow in the Absence of O2 • Facultative Microbes : Microbes which can grow in the presence of O2 or absence of O2 • Microaerophiles Required 3 – 15 %O2
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process CEHT (expiry) 3 Control measures Bioburden of raw materials “Cleaning” itself Sanitizing agents Drying of equipment 4 Good cleaning Factors hostile to microbes -- High temperature pH extreme Oxidizer (biocidal) Surfactant (wetting‚ physical removal) Removal of chemical residues -Microbe “trap” Nutrient In most cases‚ effective cleaning can meet microbial control objectives 5 Separate sanitizing step Possible agents Hypochlorite Quats Alcohol Hydrogen
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biological activity‚ and the behavior of microbes thus the isolation of such microbes from the environment is necessary because it allows scientists to study them in close proximity. Microbial life forms are found everywhere. They are major players in biogeochemical cycling of elements and primary producers in numerous environments. There are also some microbes living inside higher forms of organisms that aid in digestion and provide vitamins. Some microbes can also be antagonistic or harmful to humans
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than or equal to 10 µm n. PM2.5 – particles less than or equal to 2.5 µm 7. What are bioaerosols? -Biological airborne contaminants that can be ingested or inhaled -Can be liquid or solid or both (e.g.‚ a liquid droplet containing a microbe). 8. Aeromicrobiological pathways – steps involved with example -Launching of bioaerosols into the air -Transport via diffusion and dispersion of these particles -deposition -ex. Spread of Influenza Virus 9. Sources of airborne particulates
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are ubiquitous (everywhere). Explain the orgin of microbes‚ i.e.‚ where do microbes come from? (Think "Cell Theory") Identify four activities of microorganisms that are beneficial to human existence. Identify two activities of microorganisms that are detrimental to human existence. Identify the importance of Koch ’s postulates. Explain why the period 1857 to 1914 is called the "Golden Age of Microbiology?" Why are microbes called the "keepers of the environment"? What is
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bed fever‚ pasteurization‚ and vaccination for rabies. (Ullmann) One of Pasteur’s greatest contributions is his work on biogenesis and the disproval of spontaneous generation. Spontaneous generation was the theory that beetles‚ maggots‚ eels‚ and microbes could arise spontaneously from putrefying matter. This theory brought with is speculation and debate‚ but Pasteur’s experiments disproved this theory. Pasteur developed experiments that proved that the skins of the grape were the source of the yeast
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minutes we had discovered by the pink oval shapes we were observing‚ our microbe friend was a gram negative rod. We had narrowed our search down to five! We decided next we would do oxygen along with a motility test. Along with those‚ we did a fermentation investigation. These tests would narrow our pursuit down even further. Unfortunately these tests take time. The following day‚ we curiously went to our ‘stash’
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non-infections. Infectious diseases are diseases that can be spread or transmitted from one organism to another. Non – infectious diseases cannot‚ be spread from one person to another. Infectious Diseases Infectious diseases are generally caused by microbes known as pathogens. Pathogens invade the host and can cause changes in the body that stop parts‚ or all‚ of the body working correctly. Pathogens contain antigens that are made of proteins or polysaccharides. The bodies immune system reacts to these
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the body. In the article “Gregarious chimps harbor richer gut microbiomes”‚ the researches at Duke University performed a study on the gut microbes and the behavior of Chimpanzees. They studied the DNA droppings from forty Chimpanzees between 2000 and 2008. The article stated that in both humans and chimpanzees‚ the intestines hold lots of bacteria and microbes that do multiple things. They also hold some of the same bacteria like Olsenella and Prevotella. When the bacteria is low‚ diseases like
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