As a general rule‚ one could state that the release rates of synthetic compounds should not exceed the environment’s ability to degrade them. Biodegradation: Certain microbes on continuous exposure to xenobiotics develop the ability to degrade the same as a result of mutations. Mutations resulted in modification of gene of microbes so that the active site of enzymes is modified to show increased affinity to xenobiotics. Xenobiotics are any chemical compounds that are found in a living organism‚
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Kirsten Holtz MICR 202L November 09‚ 2016 Exercise 15: Antimicrobials Purpose The purpose of exercise 15 was to determine the effects of different antimicrobials on both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. Procedure Overall‚ exercise 15 was broken down into two days of procedures. For the first part of the experiment‚ we divided three petri plates into three equally sized units on the plate and marked them with wax pencils in
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BACKGROUND Bioremediation is the use of living organisms‚ primarily microorganisms‚ to degrade environmental contaminants into less toxic forms. Research has demonstrated that there are very few environments where microbes have not been able to survive‚ adapt‚ and indeed‚ thrive. Microbes are able to utilize a near infinite combination of electron donors and electron acceptors to drive their metabolism. In addition to these redox (oxidation / reduction) reactions‚ they have also developed a myriad
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Unknown Report Emily Juhl Section – 3 April 15‚ 2013 Unknown #8 Family: Enterobacteriaceae Genus: Serratia Species: Marcescens Abstract Microorganisms are constantly finding ways to resists to antibiotics. For this reason‚ it is important to test and observe unknown organisms in the lab to continually improve the health and well being of society. The objective of this report was to first isolate a single colony of an unknown culture on a LB agar plate. From
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Chapter 6 Microbial Growth 1 Growth • increase in cellular constituents that may result in: – increase in cell number • e.g.‚ when microorganisms reproduce by budding or binary fission – increase in cell size • e.g.‚ coenocytic microorganisms have nuclear divisions that are not accompanied by cell divisions • microbiologists usually study population growth rather than growth of individual cells 2 The Growth Curve • observed when microorganisms are cultivated in batch
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is continuing. It has been noted that many of the phenothiazines‚ thioxanthenes‚ other neurotropics‚ antihistamines‚ anesthetics‚ analgesics‚ antihypertensives‚ muscle relaxants‚ some cardiovascular agents and so on can inhibit diverse classes of microbes‚ as well as the drug-resistant strains at different dose levels‚ by modifying the architecture of the microbial membrane and its permeability. A review of the literature suggests that some of these membrane-active compounds can enhance the activity
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Louis Pasteur has always been famous in the medical field. A medical practitioner isn’t considered one without knowing who he is and what his contributions were. He was traditionally called as the progenitor of modern immunology‚ which with his discoveries paved a way for many experiments which helped the world in many ways. But who is this Louis Pasteur really? What influenced him into being a scientist? What are those wonders created by him? French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur was
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Introduction: Microorganisms are small and colorless‚ invisible to unaided eyes. When observing them under microscopes‚ we use various methods to make microbes apparent. One of the most important methods is staining. Staining techniques play an essential role in the studying of microorganisms; they help to reveal characteristics of microbes‚ such as their morphologies‚ sizes‚ arrangements‚ chemical components and many more. The purposes of the experiments are to be familiar with each staining
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person to understand the connection between microbes and disease. He developed the process of pasteurization‚ a method of killing the microbes in milk products by heating the liquid to a temperature high enough to kill the germs that are present‚ but not so high that it spoils the taste. Pasteur’s experiments showed that microbes can be passed to people and animals in the air they breathe‚ the food they eat and the water they drink. He believed that microbes are the cause of many serious diseases
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Humanity has been innovating for a long time‚ trying to make life for themselves and for everyone around them. This has always been the case‚ even during the earliest days of civilization. For example‚ during the hunter-gatherer period‚ innovation came through the form of agriculture. Agriculture‚ one of the first and most important innovations‚ was a huge step towards providing food for large numbers of people. This enabled them to live in larger groups and to settle in one area‚ instead of living
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