CH4 Prokaryotic Cells No nucleus Plasma membrane Selective permeability lets molecules pass. Enzymes for ATP production. Photosynthetic pigment on folding (on chromatophores or thylakoids). Leakage occurs if damaged by alcohols‚ ammonium‚ and polymyxin antibiotics. Phospholipid bilayer‚ peripheral proteins‚ integral protein‚ transmembrane protein‚ sterols‚ glycocalyx Movement across Membranes Simple diffusion: Movement of solute from high concentration to low Facilitative diffusion: Solute
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Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann was a German microbiologist whose 1882 experiment measured the effects of different colors of light on photosynthetic activity and showed that the conversion of light energy to chemical energy took place in the chloroplast. In 1881‚ he observed the movement of bacteria towards the chloroplasts in a strand of “Spirogyra” algae. Engelmann hypothesized that the bacteria were moving in response to oxygen generated by the photo synthetically active chloroplasts in the algae.
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Ch. 1 Prokaryotes = bacteria ‚ archaea Eukaryotes = Fungi‚ protozoa ‚ algae (Growth:: Mitosis有絲分裂) Bacterial cell → Bacillus(rodlike) ‚ cocus (spherical)‚ spiral (curved) *P.S. 有時會star-shaped or square → 出現既形式: pairs‚ chains‚ clusters cell walls of bacteria → peptidoglycan (carbohydrate & protein complex) cell walls of plant and algal cell → cellulose Growth::Binary fission = bacteria reproduce by dividing into two equal cells bacteria 吸收nutrients from dead / living organisms/ photosynthesis
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The Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Agents Bacteria: Clearasil and Proactive Veronica Hillgren 11/16/12 FRI AM Question/ Hypothesis The purpose of my experiment is to find and compare the efficiency of Proactive™ and Clearasil™ acne products on certain bacteria. For myself‚ Clearasil™ works better than Proactive™ does when exposed to my pores‚ which are infested with bacteria. However‚ Proactive™ is widely known and has a large amount
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I have the utmost confidence that Rutgers University can both aid me and provide the opportunity to significantly contribute to my primary educational‚ desired career‚ and overall life goals. With your exceptionally well regarded campus‚ student diversity‚ educational atmosphere‚ brilliant programs‚ and the mere fact that you have recently provided the student body with the choice of this great states only NROTC program‚ how could it not? Rutgers offers near anything a student could desire to study
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MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) FOR PORTLAND CEMENT (Complies with OSHA and MSHA Hazard Communication Standards‚ 29 CFR 1910.1200and 30 CFR Part 47) CEMEX‚ INC. CEMEX CALIFORNIA CEMENT LLC VICTORVILLE CEMENT PLANT 16888 NORTH "E" STREET VICTORVILLE‚ CALIFORNIA 92394-2999 Section 1 - IDENTIFICATION Supplier/Manufacturer Emergency Contact Information CEMEX‚ Inc. CEMEX California Cement LLC Victorville Cement Plant 16888 North "E" Street Victorville‚ California 92394-2999
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Review Questions 1. Which type of S. pneumoniae strain is the most virulent‚ encapsulated or unencapsulated? 2. What allows S. pneumoniae to adhere to cell walls‚ phosphorylcholine or polysaccharide? 3. Which infections are most commonly caused by S. pneumoniae‚ arthritis & peritonitis or meningitis & bacteremia? both 4. What can society do to help protect itself from antimicrobial resistance‚ increase or decrease antimicrobial usage? Decrease usage 1. Staphylococcus aureus‚
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Increasing evidence suggests that the alarming rise in allergic and autoimmune disorders during the past few decades is at least partly attributable to our lack of exposure to microorganisms that once covered our food and us. As nature’s blanket‚ the potentially pathogenic and benign microorganisms associated with the dirt that once covered every aspect of our preindustrial day guaranteed a time-honored co-evolutionary process that established “normal” background levels and kept our bodies from overreacting
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Open Reading Frames * (ORFs) are regions with no stop codons. All genes reside in long open reading frames * Note that stop codons in other reading frames have no effect on the gene. * Can be searched in the genome sequence. Valid only for prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes. Protein Sequencing vs. DNA sequencing * We compare protein sequences‚ not DNA‚ because protein is more conserved in evolution than DNA * The organism’s survival depends on the protein being
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kingdom of microorganisms was brought into life 3 billion years ago. Since then «the earth is a fundamentally a microbial planet‚ to which the micro-organisms are recent the relatively unimportant additions» (Wheelis‚ Mark‚ Principles of modern microbiology‚ 2008‚ p.1). The term microorganisms consist of bacteria‚ archaea‚ fungi‚ and protest‚ which can either be unicellular or multicellular. They first have been studied by Anton van Leeuwenhoek by the use of his own design microscope‚ in 1675. However
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