Classification for Functional Groups Alcohols Lucas test (Differentiates primary‚ secondary‚ and tertiary alcohols) Reagent: ZnCl2 in conc. HCl Observation: Rate of reaction (tertiary alcohol> secondary alcohol> primary alcohol) Procedure: 2mL Lucas Reagent in test tube+ 3-4 drops of alcohol‚ stopper‚ shake vigorously‚ NOTE time required (less than 10m mins only) to form an emulsion or separate layers. Oxidation (Confirms if alcohol is oxidizable: presence of H in C-OH bond) Reagent:
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Scheme of Analysis for Lab 2 Unknown Sample Description Phase‚ color‚ odor‚ crystalline or gel-like? If crystalline‚ what is crystal shape – needle-like or powdery? Does it look like a pure substance or a mixture? How many components appear to be present? Tests on original sample Flame Test Bushy yellow‚ orange flame – Na+ is present and possibly K+ and NH4+. Pink-purple flame – K+ is present and Na+ is not. (Possibly NH4+) No color or faint trace Na+ - NH4+ is possible‚ K+ and Na+ are
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The aim of this experiment was to calculate the concentration of an unknown solution of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) by titrating it with Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) and to identify any possible sources of error. A colour change from pink to yellow signified the end of each individual titre as the NaOH had been neutralised. Experimental: Method: Firstly two solutions were prepared to show the colour of the Phenol Red indicator in acid and alkaline conditions. These colours were then used to determine the
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Microbiology Archae are tiny microbes with no cell nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Originally thought to be extremophiles living in harsh environments‚ these creatures can live a range of habitats like oceans‚ soils and even salty lakes. Overall‚ these organisms are special and different from other life forms. The rise of archae is one of the main differences why scientist distinct it from other prokaryotes. In the past‚ archae was classified an archaebacteria‚ but now with better
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Carlie Haeffner Qualitative Analysis March 20‚ 2015 The purpose of this lab is to identify unknown ions in a solution by using a type of chemical reaction called precipitate reactions. The key to finding which ions are present in a solution is to form a precipitate which makes the ions “come out” in a reaction (McNeil‚ 2013-2014). Water is used in these experiments to act as a solvent. Since water is a polar molecule‚ the slightly positive and negative charges will sometimes pull apart molecules
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of biological system is usually preferred as the pH system‚ which determines the pH level of dilute aqueous solutions. In this laboratory‚ the data collected from the experiment will be used to graph the titration curves which help to identify an unknown amino acid. IntroductionAmino acids are simple monomers which are strung together to form proteins. Amino acids play a key cellular role in structure and function. Proteins themselves participate in nearly every physiological event in the cell. Since
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Using a Dumas method‚ you are asked to identify the unknown pure liquid by comparing the molar masses of the given possible substances (ethanol‚ methanol‚ isopropanol‚ acetone). Introduction Dumas Method allows us to measure the molar mass of the substance‚ using the Ideal Gas Law. The Ideal Gas Law‚ PV=nRT‚ explains the behaviour of the gases that are near 100kPa and in the room temperature. This equation shows the product of the pressure(P) and volume(V) equals to the product of the number of moles(n)
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1‚ Issue 1‚ 2011 Crosshouse books Original Research Paper INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF A LOCAL HERB- P. AMARUS (SCHUM. AND THONN.) ON ENTEROPATHOGENIC STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI. BY ETTA‚ Hannah Edim‚ ELOMA‚ Nnanke‚ OKON‚ Essien Archibong and OFFOR‚ Ubana BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT‚ CROSS RIVER UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY ‚ CALABAR‚ CROSS RIVER STATE‚ NIGERIA. Abstract Objectives: Entero-pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (EPSA) and Escherica coli (EPEC) were treated with a methanol
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to cocoa bottom and an unknown girl notes to help on coursework. An unknown girl A traditional indian market scene‚ set in the evening‚ it was to hot to have markets in the day‚ lit up with neon lights She tries to capture the moment‚ she is getting involved in the culture by having her hand hennad. It is a darker shade of your own skin‚ suttle. She is watching this girl ‘icing my hand’(verb(icing)) ‘in the evening bazaar for a few rupees’ india money Unknown girl refers to the lady
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Tuan Tai 1 Duong Tran Tuan Tai Professor Pham Quoc Loc ENGL - 1302 17 September 2014 Some nice quotes from unknown authors In my view‚ everyone love reading always notes their favorite quotes for their life’s guideline. To me‚ I am not really love reading but I love collecting the nice quotes. The quotes bring many meaningful‚ some are evident but some are vague. In addition‚ I also like to collect quotes from the Internet because I do not need to read whole a book and some of them never appear
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