Algae 5. Rickettsia 3. Protozoa ! Prokaryote: NO Nucleus Ribosome is the only Organelle 6. Mycoplasma (7. Viruses: No cell structure‚ ARE NOT CELLS) Microorganisms are: ! UBIQUITOUS! ! HARMLESS IN THEIR NORMAL HABITAT ! OPPORTUNISTIC (If they leave their normal habitat and get into us) 2) Roles of Microorganisms: (Bacteria and Fungi are “Semi-Good”) - digestion - conserve water in GI tract - produce Vit K (and some B vitamins) - normal microbiota play a protective role
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|α cells |Cells in the islets of Langerhans that release glucagon in response to low blood glucose levels. | |Acetylcholine |A neurotransmitter (transmitter substance) found in cholinergic synapses. | |Acetylcholinesterase |An enzyme in the synaptic cleft that breaks down the transmitter substance acetylcholine. | |Actin |A protein
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decaying meat by filling two jars with decaying meat (one sealed‚ one unsealed). Unsealed jar developed larvae and sealed did not. Spallanzi (1765)-nutrient fluids heated after being sealed in a flask do not develop microbial growth *Pasteur (1861)-microorganisms present in air and can contaminate sterile solutions but air itself cannot produce microbes. He boiled beef broth in flasks and left some uncovered (developed microbes) and some he covered after boiling (no microbes). Then boiled broth in S-shaped
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contaminated soil and ground water so the only other option was to introduce microorganisms and fungi that could consume all of the toxic chemicals and turn them into harmless carbon dioxide. Because of this introduction of the microorganisms it allowed for any further contamination to come to a complete halt. It even helped to remove 75% of the pollutants that harmed the soil and ground water. This introduction of microorganisms and fungi to an ecosystem or specific area is known as Bioremediation.
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amounts of fibre and potentially toxic oils. Koalas are found to have molars premolars to physically break down the food. Plants contain cellulose‚ which can only be broken down to release cell contents after much crushing and grinding. Koalas use microorganisms that live symbolically in their digestive system to help them. The breakdown of cellulose occurs during a fermentation process in a specialised part in the digestive tract. These structures are found in either the fore-gut or the hind-gut of different
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retained by the candidate Answers must be written in ink. Except where they are expressly required‚ pencils may be used only for drawing‚ sketching or graphical work. Question 1 Answer two (2) of the following questions. (a) Describe how microorganisms affect the shelf-life of cook-and-chill pasta with tomato sauce. What factors are likely to determine this shelf-life? Grow activity in physical‚ biological effect‚texture-pasta become soften‚ product become sour‚ different flavor provided‚
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‚ 2007). PCBs and other organic/inorganic pollutants present in soil could be toxic to plants‚ microorganisms and invertebrates (Andreoni et al.‚ 2004; Zhang et al.‚ 2009b). Therefore‚ microbial indicators‚ such as respiration rate‚ enzymatic activity and biomass content‚ have been used to indicate the effect of pollution on soil quality (Renella et al.‚ 2004; Shukurov et al.‚ 2005). Microorganisms are considered to be the best indicators‚ due to their function‚ ubiquitous presence and high sensitivity
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Dark biotechnology is connected with bioterrorism and biological weapons. Biowarfare is the intentional use of microorganisms and toxins generally of microbial‚ plant or animal origin to produce disease and death in humans‚ livestock and crops (DaSilva‚ ****). The magnetism of bioweapons in biowarfare and bioterrorism is because of easy access to a disease-producing biological agents‚ low costs‚ low security and surveillance systems and easy transportation from one place to another. Furthermore‚
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plant and animal matter to be put to use by microorganisms. Some microorganisms have the astonishing‚ naturally occurring‚ microbial catabolic diversity to degrade‚ transform or accumulate a huge range of compounds including hydrocarbons (e.g. oil)‚ polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)‚ polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)‚ pharmaceutical substances‚ radionuclides and metals. Aerobic Biodegradation Aerobic biodegradation is the breakdown of organic contaminants by microorganisms when oxygen is present. More specifically
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can imagine living in a world without antimicrobials. What is antimicrobial resistance? Antimicrobial resistance – also known as drug resistance – occurs when microorganisms such as bacteria‚ viruses‚ fungi and parasites change in ways that render the medications used to cure the infections they cause ineffective. When the microorganisms become resistant to most antimicrobials they are often referred to as “superbugs”. This is a major concern because a resistant infection may kill‚ can spread to
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