sludge and trickling filter. Activated sludge through the aeration of the mixture of microorganisms‚ which are also referred to as biological sludge‚ and wastewater. The microorganisms are subjected under an environment that facilitates their growth (Neary‚ 2009).The wastewater is continuously run into the aeration tank so that the provision of oxygen is enabled. Through the provision of oxygen‚ the microorganisms are in a position to break down the pollutants that are organic. In the end‚ the activated
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However‚ using the staining methods‚ specific bacterial morphologies were identified. For example‚ at 100x‚ a direct stain of yeast returned a cluster of cocci. A stain is a chemical that adheres to structures of the microorganism and in effect dyes the microorganism so the microorganism can be easily seen under a microscope. Stains used in microbiology are either basic (direct) or acidic (indirect). Basic dyes are used for positive or direct staining
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it would be in places like Texas‚ Louisiana‚ Oklahoma‚ Mississippi‚ and South Dakota. Research showed that microorganisms caused both fermentation and disease. This supported the germ theory of disease. Also‚ this leads him to the vaccine for cholera. He continued his study of fermentation. He invented and patented to fight the “disease” of wine. He found that the unwanted microorganisms in wine can be destroyed by heat. A year later‚ Louis Pasteur found a vaccine for rabies in 1882. Rabies is
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The University of the West Indies Faculty of Medical Sciences The UWI School of Nursing‚ Mona Year II Semester II BScN Catheterizing the Female Urinary Bladder Overview: Urinary Catheterization is the introduction of a catheter through the urethra into the bladder for the purpose of withdrawing urine. Purpose of the Urinary Catheterization is to 1. Prevent or relieve bladder distension 2. Promote urinary elimination 3. Obtain a sterile specimen of Urine 4. Obtain
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animals suffering from a specific disease but should not be found in healthy animals. 2. The specific microorganism should be isolated from the diseased animal and grown in pure culture on artificial laboratory media. 3. This freshly isolated microorganism‚ when inoculated into a healthy laboratory animal‚ should cause the same disease seen in the original animal. 4. The microorganism should be reisolated in pure culture from the experimental infection. In this exercise‚ Penicillium was
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Unit 20 – Causes and Spread of Infection 1.1 Identify the differences between bacteria‚ viruses‚ fungi and parasites. Bacteria‚ fungi and parasites are all considered as ‘living’ things‚. Bacteria are single celled microorganisms that can only been seen through a microscope‚ they collect their nutrition from their surrounding and unlike viruses‚ they do not need a living host to reproduce. Viruses are difficult to destroy because they are enclosed in a protein coating. Viruses are disease-producing
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granted. If you are camping and hiking you won’t always have access to this source of healthy‚ potable water. Unfortunately‚ many water sources in the wilderness include microorganisms‚ bacteria‚ viruses and contaminants. 1. Boiling * Boiling water is the most effective way to kill all disease-causing microorganisms‚ such as E. coli‚ Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia‚ which are present in lakes and rivers. Depending on your elevation level‚ you should boil water for different lengths
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(Primary stain) for 1 minute. Rinse with D-water Apply Iodine (Mordant) for 1 minute. Rinse with D-water. Apply Alcohol (Decolorize) for 30 seconds. Rinse with D-water. Apply Safarin (Counterstain) for 1 minute. Blot dry with bibulous paper. MICROORGANISMS USED: E. coli‚ B. cereus‚ S. aureus & E.coli (mixture) RESULTS/DATA USED: E.coli cell shape was bacilli (rod) with a diplobaccillus arrangement. The color was pink because it was Gram negative. B.cereus cell shape was bacilli (rod) with
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Infection Control Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the conscientious‚ explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. EBP is the integration of clinical expertise‚ patient values‚ and the best research evidence into the decision making process for patient care. Good doctors and health professional’s use both individual clinical expertise and the best available external evidence‚ and neither alone is enough. Without clinical expertise
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Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction A hand sanitizer or hand antiseptic is a supplement or alternative to hand washingwith soap and water. Various preparations are available‚ including gel‚ foam‚ and liquid solutions. The active ingredient in hand sanitizers may be isopropanol‚ ethanol‚ n-propanol‚ or povidone-iodine. Inactive ingredients in alcohol rubs typically include a thickening agentsuch as polyacrylic acid for alcohol gels‚ humectants such as glycerin for
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