built the first microscope (30x magnification); viewed slices of cork called cellula (little rooms). Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek - worked with glass huge improvement in quality of lenses nearly 300x magnification became possible first to observe: * single-celled organisms “animalcules” * protists from pond water * bacteria from his mouth – “father of microbiology” * blood cells * banded pattern in muscle cells * sperm from ... 1830s – Compound microscope - improved magnification
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considered trace evidence. Most trace evidence is not unique to an individual therefore comparisons must be made based on similarities and probabilities (1). Another important biological unit is on hair. This area of expertise requires a compound microscope to observe and characterize
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An early observation of fluorescence was described in 1560 byBernardino de Sahagún and in 1565 by Nicolás Monardes in theinfusion known as lignum nephriticum (Latin for "kidney wood"). It was derived from the wood of two tree species‚ Pterocarpus indicus andEysenhardtia polystachya.[2][3][4][5] The chemical compound responsible for this fluorescence is matlaline‚ which is the oxidation product of one of the flavonoids found in this wood.[2] In 1819 Edward D. Clarke[6] and in 1822 René Just Haüy[7] described
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TRACE EVIDENCE AS AN IMPORTANT TOOL UNDER FORENSIC SCIENCE Introduction Edmond Locard‚ founder of the Institute of Criminalistics at the University of Lyon‚ France‚ developed what has become known as Locard’s Exchange Principle. This states that “every contact leaves a trace”‚ implying that a criminal will leave trace and take away trace evidence when at a crime scene. Trace evidence often refers to minute samples of a substance‚ particularly fibres‚ hairs‚ glass fragments and paint chips. Crime
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2 (a) DRS-UV spectrum of PoPD@Mg-Al LDH (b) Photoluminescence of PoPD@Mg-Al LDH (c&d) FESEM images of Mg-Al LDH and PoPD@Mg-Al LDH Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) Fig.2 (c&d) displays the surface morphology of the as-synthesized Mg-Al LDH and PoPd fabricated Mg-Al LDH was examined using scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Fig. 2c shows the FESEM image of pure LDH displays the formation of petals-like structure and furthermore the petals are arranged to get together with clean
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Biological Nanostructures and Applications of Nanostructures in Biology Electrical‚ Mechanical‚ and Optical Properties BIOELECTRIC ENGINEERING Series Editor: Bin He University of Minnesota Minneapolis‚ Minnesota MODELING AND IMAGING OF BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY Principles and Applications Edited by Bin He BIOLOGICAL NANOSTRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES IN BIOLOGY Electrical‚ Mechanical‚ and Optical Properties Edited by Michael A. Stroscio and Mitra Dutta NEURAL ENGINEERING Edited
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Biology HL Portfolio The Cell and Cell Theory [pic] The cell The word cell comes from the Latin word “cellula”‚ which means a small room. The cell is the smallest unit of a living organism‚ also known as “the building block of life”. Every living organism is consisted of a cell. There are bacteria (unicellular organisms)‚ and multicellular organisms. There are different types of cells‚ prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. All cells come from preexisting cells. “Every cell is self-maintaining;
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Until 1996‚ when the FBI started using mitochondrial DNA analysis‚ the only science routinely being applied to shed hairs was descriptive microscopy‚ a descriptive science prone to bias. While microscopy still has a valuable role to play in the evaluation of questioned hair evidence‚ it should no longer be used without confirmatory mtDNA analysis. Candidate hairs can be of any age and size and do not need any root material
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sample. The spectra were measured between 400 – 4000 cm-1 range with 40 scans per sample at a resolution of 4 cm-1. Surface topography analysis: The surface topography of the bilayered scaffolds was analyzed using environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM‚ FEI Quanta 200‚ Netherlands). The scaffolds were fixed on aluminium stubs and the images were acquired at different magnifications. The fiber diameter distribution was quantitatively analyzed from scanning electron micrographs using Image
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Pathway to Justice: The Changing Face of the Criminal Justice System and Forensic Science Forensic science has perpetuity transformed our criminal justice system. Justice‚ “the quality or fact of being just‚ the principle of fairness that like cases should be treated alike‚ a particular distribution of benefits and burdens fairly in accordance with a particular conception‚ the principle that punishment should be proportionate to the offence‚ the administration of law according to prescribed and
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