Boris Eikhenbaum‚ the most prominent of the Russian Formalists was Roman Jakobson‚ who was active both in Moscow and in Prague before introducing Formalist theories to the United States. A somewhat distinct Russian group is the ’Bakhtin school’ comprising Mikhail Bakhtin‚ Pavlev Medvedev‚ and Valentin Voloshinov; these theorists combined elements of Formalism and Marxism in their accounts of verbal multi-accentuality and of the dialogic text. Rediscovered in the West in the 1960s‚ the work of the
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periods‚ and bringing innovations to each era and culture. Writers play major parts in the creation of literary works‚ whereas critics drive written works to a higher dimension‚ to fit imagination into the theoretical and stylistic. According to Bakhtin‚ general stylistic analysis of novels tends to either fall on investigating the linguistic descriptions of the language‚ or focus on elements that characterize the traditional stylistic forms‚ consequently undermining the
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Cited: Bakhtin‚ Mikhail. Discourse in the Novel. Malden‚ Mass: 2006. Blackwell Publishing. Brode. “Beat of a Different Drum: Ethnicity and Individualization in Disney”. Multiculturalism and the Mouse: Race and Sex in Disney Entertainment. 79. Vala‚ Jorge‚ Cicero Pereira
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Boris Tomashevsky‚ Grigory Gukovsky who revolutionized literary criticism between 1914 and the 1930s by establishing the specificity and autonomy of poetic language and literature. Russian formalism exerted a major influence on thinkers like Mikhail Bakhtin and Yuri Lotman‚ and on structuralism as a whole. The movement’s members had a relevant influence on modern literary criticism‚ as it developed in the structuralist and post-structuralist periods. Under Stalin it became a pejorative term for elitist
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Introduction Going back to college after a long absence working and leading productive lives is often a case of teaching new tricks‚ new language‚ and new technology to the preverbal old dog. Similar contradictions exist within family structures and in established friendships. These mature students arbitrate themselves as older students and their social relationships with younger classmates. Relational dialectics is a communication theory which was studied in 1988 by professors Leslie Baxter and
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cheerful mood on the part of the physician and patient fighting disease” (Bakhtin 67). Aristotle viewed laughter as man’s quintessential privilege: “Of all living creatures only man is endowed with laughter” (Bakhtin 68). In the Middle Ages‚ laughter was an integral part of folk culture. “Carnival festivities and the comic spectacles and ritual connected with them had an important place in the life of medieval man” (Bakhtin 5). During the trauma and devastation of German bombing raids on London
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“PRIDE AND PREJUDICE” The Russian philologist and literary philosopher Mikhail Mikhailvoch Bakhtin (1895-1975) uses the term “Chronotope” to designate the Spatio-Temporal matrix‚ which governs the base condition of all narratives and other linguistic acts. The term itself can be literally translated as “Time-Space”. The term is developed in Bakhtin’s essay‚ “Forms of Time and Chronotope in the Novel”. Bakhtin in his essay says that “a literary work’s artistic unity in relationship to an
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Vol 4. No.4 December 2009 Journal of Cambridge Studies 103 The Conflicting Voices in Tony Harrison’s Poetry Xiaodong LIANG ∗ Henan Normal University Abstract: Tony Harrison is one of the representatives of the contemporary public poets whose poetry seems to be a language arena in which different narrative voices from different social milieus are imposed upon each other; whose different utterances ideologically orientated collide with each other at every nuance of the semantic level‚
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Generic Criticism What is Generic Criticism? * Foss (2009) defines generic criticism as “the assumption that certain types of situations provoke similar needs and expectations” (p. 137). * According to Oliver and Duff (2012)‚ “Genre can be defines as a pattern of communication that conforms to community norms. Genres are not fixed‚ but are constantly evolving and emerging.” (p. 373) * According to Northrop Frye‚ genre studies are not just about classification‚ he believes that "the
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Armbrust‚ 1996. Mass Culture and Modernism in Egypt (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)‚ 37–62. Ziad Fahmy‚ 2010. Media- Capitalism: Colloquial Mass Culture and Nationalism in Egypt‚ 1908 – 18. Int. J. Middle East Stud. 42 (2010)‚ 83–103 Mikhail Bakhtin‚ 1986. “Towards a Methodology of the Human Sciences‚” in Speech Genres and Other Late Essays (Austin‚ Tex.: University of Texas Press)‚ 169–72.
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