1. What criticisms does Friedman raise against business managers who engage in "socially responsible" practices? Explain. Friedman criticizes business managers who engage in socially responsible behavior by using the argument that there is a different set of criteria for social responsible behavior of a person‚ who happens to be a corporate executive (businessman) versus that same person acting as an individual in a free-society. A business manager’s main responsibility is to maximize the profit
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Corporation is a legal entity made of natural persons or other legal entities that holds legal identity within the society. Corporate social responsibility is the duty of a corporation to create wealth in ways that avoid harms to‚ protect‚ or enhance societal assets. The idea of Social Responsibility interrelates the obvious interrelationship between business corporations‚ government and American society‚ is based on the fundamental idea that the corporations have duties that go beyond carrying out
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Finance & Accounting‚ 29(7) & (8)‚ Sept./Oct. 2002‚ 0306-686X Dividend Imputation and Shareholder Wealth: The Case of New Zealand Andrew Prevost‚ Ramesh P. Rao and John D. Wagster* 1. INTRODUCTION Effective from April 1‚ 1988‚ New Zealand changed its existing two-tier `classical ’ dividend taxation regime to full dividend imputation. Corporate income is now only taxed once rather than at both the corporate and shareholder level. Concurrently‚ the New Zealand tax code was revised‚ reducing the top personal
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Corporation is a legal entity made of natural persons or other legal entities that holds legal identity within the society. Corporate social responsibility is the duty of a corporation to create wealth in ways that avoid harms to‚ protect‚ or enhance societal assets. The idea of Social Responsibility interrelates the obvious interrelationship between business corporations‚ government and American society‚ is based on the fundamental idea that the corporations have duties that go beyond carrying out
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John Milton From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia John Milton (9 December 1608 – 8 November 1674) was an English poet‚ polemicist‚ a scholarly man of letters‚ and a civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell. He wrote at a time of religious flux and political upheaval‚ and is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost. Milton ’s poetry and prose reflect deep personal convictions‚ a passion for freedom and self-determination‚ and the urgent issues and political turbulence
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developed since. There are three that best represent the key perspectives in this matter; Friedman’s Shareholder theory‚ Freeman’s Stakeholder theory and Heath’s Market Failure Model of business ethics (Heath). Each of them is the pillars of which many other theories are based on but have very different and opposite views. The Shareholder theory suggests that manager has fiduciary duties to the shareholders only and must maximize profits as long as the law permits. The Stakeholder theory on the other hand
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corporate value maximization: Shareholder Approach and Stakeholder Approach. So‚ firstly both approaches are defined briefly. Secondly‚ compare and contrast of shareholder and stakeholder approaches is made. Keywords: Purpose‚ Corporation‚ Value Maximization‚ Shareholder Approach‚ Stakeholder Approach. Shareholder Approach on Value Maximization: Shareholder approach on value maximization focuses the corporation’s purpose on maximizing the wealth of owners by maximizing the
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and laws (Cuizon‚ 2009). Friedman Vs Drucker Milton Friedman and Peter Drucker both were noted management authorities; Milton Friedman primarily was an economist and even won the Nobel Prize in economics in 1976 when the Nobel Prize held more honor than it does today. Both operated in a different time‚ however. Their views of ethical behavior and social responsibility cannot be seen as being complete in today ’s business environment. Milton Friedman Milton Friedman (2002) has maintained‚ since
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Friedman Vs. Drucker The concept of business ethics continues to spark wide and varied responses to its very meaning and to its practical application in the daily operations of the corporate enterprise as well. Two noted business authors and leaders‚ Peter Drucker and Milton Friedman‚ have expressed differing positions on the role of corporate social responsibility. From Drucker’s writings‚ it is abundantly clear he believes it is critically important not only how public and private enterprises
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ethics. There are two approaches to answering such questions. The first one is Milton Friedman’s shareholder theory of management and the second one is Edwards Freeman’s “Stakeholder” theory of management‚ two different views about the purpose and aims of a business. Milton Friedman’s shareholder theory of management says that the purpose of a business is to make money for the owner or the stockholders of the business. Friedman says that there is only one social responsibility for the business: to use
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