Introduction Hepatitis B infection is one of the major and common liver infectious diseases worldwide‚ and caused by a small enveloped DNA virus‚ the hepatitis B virus (HBV). (Tong 2005Int J med Sci) Importantly‚ over 20 million people are infected annually with HBV and there are globally 350-400 million chronic carrier of HBV. (McMahon 2005.) Routes of infection include vertical transmission (through childbirth)‚ early life horizontal transmission (bites‚ lesions‚ and sanitary habits)‚ and adult
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Healthcare acquired infections also known as nosocomial infections are defined as an infection obtained by a patient 48 hours or later after admission into a healthcare service. Any infections thought to be obtained prior to 48 hours are considered to be obtained within the community (Gould et al‚ 2000). This standard of the 48 hour inoculation period is however arbitrary as it has remained the standard for many years despite the variable rate of incubation in different bacteria (Ami et al‚ 2003)
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Understanding the Causes of Infection 1.1 Identify the differences between bacteria‚ viruses‚ fungi and parasites. Bacteria are a living cell organism that can survive inside our body and other non living objects as well. There are both good and bad bacteria’s and the good bacteria is known to helps fight against the bad bacteria that makes its way into our bodies. According to www.righthealth.com‚ less than 1% of bacteria are actually harmful to us. In fact‚ we couldn’t survive without
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Nursing Responsibilities A great deal of information has been published concerning HAIs infections in the long-term-care facility (LTCF). However‚ application of hospital infection control guidelines to the LTCF is often unrealistic in view of the differences between the acute settings in hospitals and the LTCF and the different infection control resources. It could be argued that while the Infection Control Program (ICP) is well established at Mater Dei Hospital the situation in SVPR is of inadequate
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Infection Control and the Dental Practice The purpose of infection control in dental practice is to prevent the transmission of disease-producing agents such as bacteria‚ viruses and fungi from one patient to another patient‚ from dental practitioner and dental staff to patients‚ and from patients to dental practitioner or other dental staff. In dental practice‚ microorganisms may be inhaled‚ implanted‚ ingested‚ injected‚ or splashed onto the skin or mucosa. They can spread by direct contact
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Urinary tract infections refer to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms within the urinary tract and its classification is usually done on the basis of infection sites:-bladder [cystitis]‚ kidney [pyelonephritis]‚ or urine [bacteriuria] and also can be asymptomatic or symptomatic (Quigley R 2009‚ Schlager TA2001). They are among the most commonly acquired bacterial infections and they account for an estimated 25-40% of the nosocomial infections (Bagshaw SM‚ Laupland KB 2006). Urinary tract infection
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Prevention and control of infection in care homes – an information resource i DH INFORMATION READER BOX Policy HR / Workforce Management Planning / Performance Clinical Commissioner Development Provider Development Improvement and Efficiency Document Purpose Best Practice Guidance Gateway Reference 17405 Title Prevention and control of infection in care homes - an information resource Author Department of Health and Health Protection Agency Publication
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ICO2: Causes and spread of infection 1.1 Bactetria are: Bacteria are organisms made up of just one cell. They are capable of multiplying by themselves‚ as they have the power to divide into different shapes. Their shapes vary‚ and that’s how they are used to separate them into groups. Usually a few micrometres in length. Bacteria are present in most surroundings on the planet‚ growing in soil‚ acidic hot springs‚ radioactive waste‚ water‚ and deep in the Earth’s crust‚ as well as in organic
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seems to be an accurate match considering the symptoms related with a Salmonella typhimurium infection. Salmonella causes gastroenteritis with symptoms of diarrhea‚ vomiting‚ fever‚ and abdominal pain with elderly people‚ children and pregnant women being at greatest risk of developing infection. This is consistent with the family
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Unit 20 – Causes and Spread of Infection 1.1 Identify the differences between bacteria‚ viruses‚ fungi and parasites. Bacteria‚ fungi and parasites are all considered as ‘living’ things‚. Bacteria are single celled microorganisms that can only been seen through a microscope‚ they collect their nutrition from their surrounding and unlike viruses‚ they do not need a living host to reproduce. Viruses are difficult to destroy because they are enclosed in a protein coating. Viruses are disease-producing
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