Electron Microscope – 1mm -> 1 nanometer [cytology & histology] Basic Vertebrate Body Plan -important structures develop early and are present in all vertebrates Dorsal Nerve Cord – hollow cord that forms brain and spinal cord Notochord – a stiffened rod below the spinal cord usually replaces by vertebrae‚ organizing axis for the vertebrate Muscular Tail – extends beyond digestive tract Braincase – cartilage that surrounds the brain‚ becomes skull. Pharyngeal arches – may persist (gills)
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Tom has been experiencing changes in his sensations due to a recent tumor in the posterior aspect of the spinal cord at C6. Considering that the injury on in the posterior aspect‚ the ascending tract of the dorsal column medial lemniscus (DCML) will be affected. As a result‚ Tom has lost bilateral conscious proprioception‚ vibration‚ discriminative touch‚ and stereognosis‚ which may also lead to sensory ataxia Despite all the sensations that have been affected‚ Tom will have other sensations that
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Somatic Nervous System and Endocrine System Zaid Z. Usmani Spinal Cord Mutahar Maqbool Mid Brain and Hind Brain Arslan Manzoor Brain Introduction‚ Brain facts and Forebrain Table of Contents Summary 4 The nervous system explanation 5 Neurons 8 Neurotransmitters 18 Brain 23 Forebrain 26 Midbrain 30 Hind Brain 30 Spinal Cord 32 Structure of spinal cord 32 Function of spinal cord 33 Blood supply to spinal cord 35 Peripheral nervous system 43 Autonomic Nervous system
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Regulation of distal organs such as the adrenal cortex. Anatomy Circle of Willis‚ above it is the hypothalamus; pituitary and pituitary stalk on either side of the 3rd ventricle. Pituitary is within the bony socket‚ at the base of the stalk. Salatarcica with the pituitary stalk passing down Cingulate gyrus and sulcus Fornix which comes out of the hippocampus Intraventricular foramen – in front of the thalamus and behind the fornix‚ through which CSF can pass through the ventricles. Aqueduct
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of low back pain: * Muscle spasm (very tense muscles that remain contracted) * Other medical conditions like fibromyalgia * Ruptured or herniated disk * Small fractures to the spine from osteoporosis * Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal) * Spine curvatures (like scoliosis or kyphosis)‚ which may be inherited and seen in children or teens * Strain or tears to the muscles or ligaments supporting the back * Infection of the spine (osteomyelitis
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Health Assessment Exam #4 Chapter 21: Abdomen (approx. 21 questions) 1. Aortic pulsation a. Normally‚ you may see the pulsations from the aorta beneath the skin in the epigastric area‚ particularly in thin persons with good muscle wall relaxation. b. Marked pulsation of aorta occurs with widened pulse pressure (e.g.‚ hypertension‚ aortic insufficiency‚ thyrotoxicosis) and with aortic aneurysm. c. lateral pulsation with aortic aneurysm pushes the examiner’s two fingers apart. 2. Light
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SKELETAL SYSTEM: BONES AND JOINTS Functions of the Skeletal System ♦Skeletal System Without it‚ there would be no rigid framework to support the soft tissues of the body and no system of joints and levers to allow the body to move Consists of bones‚ connective tissues that includes cartilage‚ tendons and ligaments Term skeleton is derived from a Greek word meaning dried Consists of dynamic‚ living tissues that are able to grow‚ detect pain stimuli‚ adapt to stress‚ and undergo repair after
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Matching Questions Figure 12.1 Using Figure 12.1‚ match the following: 1) Afferent impulses from all senses and all parts of the body converge here and synapse with at least one of its nuclei. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 444; Fig. 12.11 2) Putamen. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 443; Fig. 12.11 3) Anterior horn of lateral ventricle. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 434; Fig. 12.11 4) Inferior horn of lateral ventricle. Answer: E Diff: 1
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parasympathetic nervous system divisions. The sympathetic division has thoracolumbar “outflow”‚ meaning that the neurons begin at the thoracic and lumbar (T1-L2) portions of the spinal cord. The parasympathetic division has craniosacral “outflow”‚ meaning that the neurons begin at the cranial nerves (CN 3‚ CN7‚ CN 9‚ CN10) and sacral (S2-S4) spinal cord. The ANS is unique in that it requires a sequential two-neuron efferent pathway; the preganglionic neuron must first synapse onto a postganglionic neuron before
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Orthodontists offer solutions to all kinds of dental problems dealing with misaligned teeth and jaws. In a way‚ they help in restoring the confidence of individuals who have misaligned teeth. There are plenty of orthodontists in the Richmond Hill area that you can consult with if you have any dental issues that you need to deal with. However‚ it is important to choose a candidate that has the requisite experience and know-how to carry out the treatment. Given here are criteria that can be taken
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