directly uptake the naked DNA molecule carrying the antibiotic resistant gene (1). However‚ in order to take up the DNA and incorporate them into their genome via recombination‚ cells must be competent (1). Therefore‚ E.coli cells which are not competent under normal conditions were treated with cold and high concentration of CaCl2‚ in order to make them artificially competent (1). The transformants were grown on the LB with the tetracycline antibiotic‚ and on the LB without the tetracycline. Then the
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Any species of bacteria can turn into a superbug. A superbug is a strain of bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics. According to webmd.com "Every year‚ about 2 million people get sick from a superbug‚ according to the CDC. About 23‚000 die. Earlier this year‚ an outbreak of CRE (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae) linked to contaminated medical tools sickened 11 people at two Los-Angeles area hospitals. Two people died‚ and more than 200 others may have been exposed." This has become a serious
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difficile as plentiful normal bacterial flora in the feces of healthy infants. Initially‚ it was not considered a pathogen. However‚ by 1978‚ researchers recognized that toxins released by Clostridium were found in the fecal matter of patients with antibiotic associated diarrhea and concluded it as the cause of the infection (Keske and Letizia 329). The fecal-to-oral bacterial route transmits this particular bacterium. The ability of C. difficile to develop spores‚ enable this organism to persevere
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The Corporation The 2003 Canadian film documentary‚ The Corporation‚ is about the modern-day corporation. It critiques that it is considered to be a person‚ but since it has so many disregards to the human well-being and only cares about making as much money as possible‚ if it were an actual person it would be considered a psychopath. The documentary starts off with showing the development of the contemporary business corporation‚ from beginning as a legal entity to then having the entitlement
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white phenotypes. Many pathogenic bacteria species are becoming resistant to antibiotics. Explain how such adaptations can develop through the process of natural selection. (Hint: Relate this example to the conditions that are necessary for natural selection to occur.) Antibiotic resistance is the ability of a microorganism to withstand the effects of an antibiotic. It is a specific type of drug resistance. Antibiotic resistance evolves naturally via natural selection through random mutation‚ but
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shock‚ 2012. Intensive Care Medicine‚ 39(2)‚ 165-228. Dickinson‚ J.‚ & Kollef‚ M. (2011). Early and adequate antibiotic therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. Current Infectious Disease Reports‚ 13(5)‚ 399-405. Miano‚ T. A.‚ Powell‚ E.‚ Schweickert‚ W. D.‚ Morgan‚ S.‚ Binkley‚ S.‚ & Sarani‚ B. (2012). Effect of an antibiotic algorithm on the adequacy of empiric antibiotic therapy given by a medical emergency team. Journal Of Critical Care‚ 27(1)‚ 45-50. Simpson‚ S.‚ & Pitts‚ L
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Antibiotics are rapidly becoming useless and we are forced to deal with the problems of the post antibiotic era. Our current state is urgent to say the least‚ the entire CDC urgent threat list is filled with a wide range of multi-resistant bacteria. Clostridium difficile is the first on the list‚ it is gram-positive and erupts from the distribution of normal colon bacteria. The on set primarily starts by taking antibiotics‚ because Clostridium difficile is immune to nearly all antibiotics. Second
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(Horridge‚ et al). Causes and Risk Factors C-diff infection is commonly acquired in hospitals and group homes‚ by people who are on‚ or have recently been on‚ antibiotics (The Mayo Clinic). C-diff exists‚ at undetectable levels‚ in the normal gut flora‚ but is contained by “good bacteria”. When normal gut flora is disrupted during antibiotic use‚ the C-diff is given a chance to multiply‚ causing disease (The Mayo Clinic). C-diff can also be contracted via the fecal-oral route when a person‚ be they
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does not aid in the diagnosing or treatment of patients. The McCracken article on the treatment of AOM is an unfiltered source. This article is appropriate for nursing practice as it supports current guidelines and projects issues with continued antibiotic use. This article is evidence based summary. The parent interviews are general information resources. This information is appropriate for nursing practice because each interview gives a first-hand account of signs and symptoms in the case of
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resistance to E.coli K12 although in the final generations both metals decreased. Introduction The aim of this experimental report is to discuss whether E.coli K12‚ over six generations could become resistant to metals and then we will refer it to antibiotic resistance. Bacteria are single celled prokaryotic organisms in the Kingdom Monera. Bacteria exist as parasites or independent free living organisms on the search for nourishment. Bacteria are very small‚ too small to be seen by the naked eye therefore
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