used as intermediaries Need to atone for one’s sins – emphasised by reform of the papacy Stereotypes of Islam and Muslims as ‘idolatrous polytheists’ Perception of Crusades as contest between faiths fuelled by religious fanaticism – bound up by modern sensibilities about religious discrimination with resonances to political conflicts – rejected perception Idea of Pilgrimage – ‘The crusade was proposed as a devotional act of pilgrimage‚ and therein lay its attraction’ Fear of Hell - ‘No aspect
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MODERN GREEK LITERATURE Modern Greek literature refers to literature written in the Greek language from the 11th century‚ with texts written in a language that is more familiar to the ears of Greeks today than is the language of the early Byzantine literature‚ the compilers of the New Testament‚ or‚ of course‚ the classical authors of the fifth and fourth centuries BC. 1 The emergence of modern Greek literature (11th - 15th century) 1.1 Acritic songs 1.2 Romances 1.3 Tales set in the classical world
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Contemporary The New Modern It was a grey day in Little Rock Arkansas and I had to meet with the brilliant Stephanie Thibeault. I walked in her office and notice the mood of the room. It felt happy but a sense of seriousness drowned over the recurring energy of happiness. I looked over to the right and saw this chair next to her desk‚ she greeted me in with a smile and told me to sit down. She had a soft sacked chair next to her desk. “How’s your day” she had said to me while looking
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Why Study History? The introductions for the topic “what is history”‚ one written by Edwin Fenton and the other by Peter N. Stearns each depicts why history is something essential and worth studying and the significance of history as how events from the past impacts the behaviour of individuals and changes in society. From the point of view of the introduction written by Peter N. Stearns on the importance of history‚ he demonstrates examples such as how history allows us to understand
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Modern Dance started in the 20th century in Germany and the United states as a way to rebel against rigid formalism‚ artifice‚ and superficiality from ballet. Modern dance resembled modern art and music being experimental. Pioneers of Modern dance like “Isadora Duncan‚ Loie Fuller‚ and Ruth St. Denis in the United States‚ Rudolf von Landon and Mary Wigman in Germany” they all wanted to create an awareness to their audiences of inner and outer realities. Isadora Duncan started “free dance” where
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Discuss critically the ways in which the machine is treated in ‘Modern Times’. In 500 words your critique of ‘Modern Times’ must describe and comment upon specific scenes in the film. In the film ’Modern Times’ written and directed by Charlie Chaplin‚ he attempts to keep up with the ever changing and improving modern‚ industrial society. The machine in the film is a new invention and concept‚ one that is unfamiliar to the workers. Characters struggle to keep up with this mechanism‚ as it does
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Why study history? -To know about our past (archaeology) -to learn from our past mistakes - History helps us understand change -to broaden our knowledge People live in the present and they plan for and worry about the future. History‚ however‚ is the study of the past. Given all the demands that press in from living in the present and anticipating what is yet to come‚ why bother with what has been? Given all the desirable and available branches of knowledge‚ why insist-as most American educational
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Anna Halprin and Merce Cunningham: Two Post-Modern Dance Choreographers Anna Halprin was born July 13th‚ 1920 as Anna Schuman. She took on the name Halprin when she married Lawrence Halprin‚ a landscape architect. Together they founded the San Francisco Dancer’s Workshop in 1955. Merce Cunningham was born on April 16‚ 1919‚ his romantic partner was John Cage‚ who he began working with back in 1940’s. In 1953‚ together with John Cage‚ he founded the Merce Cunningham Dance Company. Both Ann and Merce
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India’s history of science and technology has special features such as: 1. India belongs to one of the oldest civilized cultures with a long tradition in science and technology. Her history of science can be studied in a different context compared to that of other modern civilizations. 2. For a long time‚ India was under the influence of foreign cultures. The history of Indian science and technology is the history of transfer of technical knowledge and education. 3. Indian history is (was)
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Alvin Ailey ’s Influence on Modern Dance Alvin Ailey never considered dancing as his career. He had always been enthralled by the lights‚ costumes‚ and dancers flowing with the music‚ but it never occurred to him that he would be creating such spectacles. He went to see many shows when he was younger‚ mostly ballet and musical theater. Acceptance for modern dance had not yet been established during the 1940 ’s‚ when Ailey was in his childhood‚ and he would become one of its most major influences
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