75 ENLIGHTENED‚ ECLECTIC APPROACH IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING By: Christina I.T. Panggabean (Universitas PGRI Ronggolawe Tuban) Abstract English language teachers need to explore what works and what does not work in a certain ELT context‚ applying what Brown (2001) names an enlightened‚ eclectic approach or a principled approach. They are suggested to explore all language teaching approaches or methods since no single approach or method is best suited for all teaching contexts. This paper also
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A critical look at the Communicative Approach (1) Michael Swan This (the first of two articles) examines some of the more theoretical ideas underlying the ‘Communicative Approach‘. These include the belief that we should teach ‘use’ as well as ‘meaning; and some attitudes regarding the teaching of ‘skills’ and ‘strategies’. A second article will deal with more pedagogical aspects of the approach‚ especially the idea of a ‘semantic syllabus’ and the question of ‘authenticity’ in materials and methodology
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of this concept. THE NEED FOR CHANGE Both internal & external forces saw Pilkington see the need to implement change within their organisation to ensure continued success. External; -Globalisation saw increased foreign competition eg. Through the removal of trade barriers (GATT)‚ of which saw prices become more competitive. Internal; -A strong overtime culture saw the employees unproductive eg. 70%of all wages spent on overtime‚ hence inefficient. -Organisational structure hierarchial‚ did
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Outline and evaluate the behavioural approach to abnormality. (12 marks) The behavioural approach suggests that all behaviour is learnt. This includes abnormal behaviours. Behaviours can be learned through classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning or modelling. Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning‚ where learning results from the association of stimuli with reflex responses. Classical conditioning can be used to explain the development of many abnormal behaviours‚ including phobias
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BEHAVIORISM Fred Luthans‚ James B. Avey and Brett Luthans Definition Behaviorism is a theoretical foundation with roots in psychology with an intentional focus on observable‚ measurable behavior as the primary unit of analysis (Luthans‚ Youssef‚ & Luthans‚ 2005). Behaviorism systematically analyzes the relationships between an individual’s behavior and environmental contingencies. The study and practice of behaviorism emphasizes predicting and controlling/managing behavior and thus is especially
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MANAGING PEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS | OUTCOME 3 ASSESSMENT | | Contents MANAGERIAL WORK 2 MAIN FEATURES 2 MEASURING MANAGERIAL PERFORMANCE 4 BEHAVIOURAL THEORY 5 McGREGOR‚ THEORY X & Y 5 LEADERSHIP THEORIES 6 SCOTIA EXPANSION & THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP 7 MANAGERIAL WORK There are three different levels of management‚ the first being senior level management who are concerned with the strategic planning and decision making of the organisation. The decisions they make are
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Culture of Time and Culture By: Stephen Kern As a better understanding of Mass Communication and Society we were encouraged to read the book The Culture of Time and Space by Stephen Kern and analyze the information given from the book and express our ideals and outcomes from it. I believe that the ideas given to the readers from the book were very appealing and interesting‚ especially when combining the ideas of technology and culture. We are usually accustomed to not relate culture with technology;
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If we focus on the 7 Dimensions of Culture from Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner‚ individualism and collectivism are interesting at Approach People Recruitment SA. At first sight‚ we might think that collectivism is the goal of Approach People Recruitment SA‚ because there are team rewards‚ strong value for the group‚ a great team environment leading to Approach People Recruitment SA’s benefits. However‚ in reality‚ managers tend to encourage own responsibilities and benefits‚ creating positive competition
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paper I look at how organisations develop ’culture ’ and how this culture can be created‚ manipulated and changed my management. I also look at what other factors can change and affect a companies ’ culture. The paper will take the following format. A definition of culture and the problems associated with its definition. I then look at how organisationl culture develops‚ with an explanation of the levels of cultural analysis‚ a look at the various different types of culture‚ and the role of the
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Research Methods – Sociology Unit 2 Sociological Approach Sociological Research is important as it gives a more common sense understanding of the social world in which we live. Quantitative Approach = involves collecting numerical data and social facts establishing correlations (statistical relationship exists between two things) and searching for ‘cause and effect’ relationships (one thing directly leads to the other). Qualitative Approach = sees reality as objective and measurable through
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