HEALTH SYSTEMS AURTHOR (S) Kovin S Naidoo: Brien Holden Vision Institute‚ Public Health Division‚ Durban‚ South Africa; University of KwaZulu Natal (UKZN)‚ Durban‚ South Africa Brien Holden: Brien Holden Vision Institute‚ University of New South Wales (UNSW)‚ Australia PEER REVIEWER (S) Ron Fyfe:Past Chairman of the Public Health Committee of WCO; Currently: Asia Pacific representative on WCO Public Health Committee and member of the board of Vision 2020 New Zealand THIS CHAPTER WILL
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Virtual Reference: Final Report Course: WXGB6110 Date Submitted: 9th January‚ 2013 Introduction RUSA (Reference & User Services Association) defines Virtual Reference (VR) as a reference service initiated electronically‚ often in real-time‚ where patrons employ computers or other Internet technology such as chat‚ videoconferencing‚ Voice over IP‚ co-browsing‚ e-mail‚ and instant messaging to communicate with reference staff‚ without being physically present (ALA‚ 2008). According
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Behaviourism approach‚ this approach has assumptions of that we’re all born a “tabula Rosa”- a blank state‚ it also says that we learn through 2 types of “conditioning” • Classical conditioning • Operant conditioning Classical conditioning is a basic form of learning in which simple responses are associated with new stimuli. An experiment that shows classical conditioning is the Little Albert Experiment (Phobias). This experiment was to show that you can change a person not fearing anything into
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of language teaching which [he] called the Natural Approach" (Terrell 1977; 1982: 121). This was an attempt to develop a language teaching proposal that incorporated the "naturalistic" principles researchers had identified in studies of second language acquisition. At the same time he has joined forces with Stephen Krashen‚ an applied linguist at the University of Southern California‚ in elaborating a theoretical rationale for the Natural Approach‚ drawing on Krashen’s influential theory of second
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Virtual Reality defines a simulation of the real environment that is generated by dedicated computer software and can be experienced via a human-machine user-friendly interface. (Lucca‚ 2009) Although the use of VR had some arguments about the administration of therapy‚ it still needs clinicians in order to tailor the treatment intervention to each individual’s needs‚ progress‚ challenges and difficulty to develop the abilities of the patient. This also allows clinicians to provide specific instructions
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Cognitive approach The cognitive approach focuses on the way information is processed by humans. It looks at how we as individuals treat information and how it leads to responses. Cognitive psychologists study internal processes such as attention‚ language‚ memory‚ thinking and perception. The main assumption of this approach is that in when information is received it is then processed by the brain and this processing directs how we as individuals behave or justify why we behave the way we
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The Communicative Approach was founded by Robert Langs.. Psychoanalysis has turned reality on its head: We are taught to think of ourselves as distorters and misperceivers‚ unreliable slaves to our inner fantasies - especially when we are patients in therapy. But the communicative approach has shown that it is more accurate and compelling to see ourselves as highly reliable perceivers‚ with the understanding that our most valid perceptions are experienced unconsciously and encoded in the stories
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Psychology Task 1 The psychodynamic approach includes all the theories in psychology that see human functioning based upon the interaction of drives and forces within the person‚ particularly unconscious‚ and between the different structures of the personality. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) developed a collection of theories which have formed the basis of the psychodynamic approach to psychology. On the other hand behaviourism refers to a psychological approach which places emphasis on scientific as
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Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers agreed with the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs‚ biological and humanistic approach. “The hierarchy of needs theory remains valid today for understanding human motivation‚ management training‚ and personal development” (Orana‚ 2009). Maslow’s book Personality and Motivation were published in 1954 introducing his theory of the hierarchy of needs. Abraham Maslow Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) the hierarchy of needs was introduced
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Systems approach is consisted of two types of system‚ the closed and open systems. Closed systems have relatively little interaction with the environment. (Heil 2015) The Closed-system approach conceives the organization as a system of mechanical‚ technology‚ equipment and materials; that tends to exclude competitors‚ suppliers‚ distributors and government regulators. The Closed system approach allows the managers to analyze problems by examining the internal structure of the organization with little
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