To build the civilization‚ a well-organized central government plays a vital role in a country. This would help a society as cities developed and expanded‚ the food supply and irrigation systems needed to be maintained. Governments‚ such as councils or religious leaders‚ began to oversee the business and existence of the cities. For example‚ the Mesopotamians had several kings who ruled their own territories. This resulted in the issues of empowerment as well as internal fights. On the other hand
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Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization‚ after Harappa‚ the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s‚ in what was then the Punjab province of British India‚ and is now in Pakistan. The discovery of Harappa‚ and soon afterwards‚ Mohenjo-Daro‚ was the culmination of work beginning in 1861 with the founding of the Archaeological Survey of India in the British Raj. Excavation of Harappan sites has been ongoing since 1920‚ with important breakthroughs occurring as recently as 1999. There
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Indus River Modern-Day Pakistan Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro (Twin capitals) First to cultivate and weave cotton Discovered in 1922 First city planning in history: grid pattern‚ uniform building style‚ rectangular city blocks‚ plumbing Barriers Seals not deciphered Figurines in religion Sacred animals Polytheistic Economy agricultural Trade with Mesopotamia Aryans invade around 1500 BCE‚ superior technology‚ brought herds of livestock Mohenjo-Daro: One of Twin Capitals in Indus Valley Had
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Civilization About Indus Valley Civilization The earliest traces of civilization in the Indian subcontinent are to be found in places along‚ or close‚ to the Indus River. Excavations first conducted in 1921-22‚ in the ancient cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro‚ both now in Pakistan‚ pointed to a highly complex civilization that first developed some 4‚500-5‚000 years ago‚ and subsequent archaeological and historical research has now furnished us with a more detailed picture of the Indus Valley Civilization
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figurines from Harappa‚ Pakistan. Harvard PhD. 73. ^ Thapar‚ Romila‚ Early India: From the Origins to 1300‚ London‚ Penguin Books‚ 2002 74 75. ^ Wolpert‚ Stanley‚ India‚ Berkeley‚ University of California Press‚ 1991 76 79. ^ In his article "Mohen-jo-Daro: Sindh 5000 Years Ago" inModern Review (August‚ 1932) 80 81. ^ a b Christopher Key Chappel (1993)‚ Nonviolence to Animals‚ Earth‚ and Self in Asian Traditions SUNY Press ISBN 0-7914-1497-3 Pp. 6-9 82 86. ^ Knipe‚ David. Hinduism. San Francisco:
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| | Index | | S.No | Date | Title | Pg. No. | 1 | | Introduction About Harappan Civilization | | 2 | | Ancient Indus Granary at Harappa | | 3 | | Ancient Indus Great Bath‚ Mohenjo-daro | | 4 | | Ancient Indus Zebu Bull seal‚ Harappa. | | 5 | | | | 6 | | Art News & Articles‚ Art Entertainment Articles‚ Magazine Articles‚ Indian Art | 7 | | Classical Art | | 8 | | ClassicalArt_Ajanta | | 9 | | Crafts | | 10 | | FolkartCyclopedia |
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of several ancient civilizations 2. Egypt in the Nile River- an ancient kingdom in NE Africa: divided into the Nile Delta (Lower Egypt) and the area from Cairo S to the Sudan (Upper Egypt). 3. Mohenjo Daro and Harappa in the Indus River Valley- The civilization of the Indus River at Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa arose at about 2500 BCE and ended with apparent destruction about 1500 BCE. 4. Shang in the Yellow River or Huang He Valley- The earliest
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tourists‚ thanks to the Hippie trail. The main destinations of choice for these tourists were the Khyber Pass‚ Peshawar‚ Karachi‚ Lahore‚ Swat and Rawalpindi.[3] The country’s attraction range from the ruin of the Indus Valley Civilization such as Mohenjo-daro‚ Harappa and Taxila‚ to the Himalayan hill stations‚ which attract those interested in winter sports. Pakistan is home to several mountain peaks over 7000 m‚ which attracts adventurers and mountaineers from around the world‚ especially K2.[4] The
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languages • 1‚000 dialects • Indian subcontinent shaped like a triangle hanging from the southern ridge of Asia • Himalaya • Ganges River • Deccan • Monsoon- seasonal wind pattern in southern Asia Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro • 35‚000 inhabitants-Harappa • 35‚000-40‚000- Mohjeno Daro • Broad streets ran in north to south direction • Crossed streets ran from east to west • Large walled neighborhoods • Constructed of mud bricks Rulers and the Economy • Royal palace and holy temple were together
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that has not yet been able to be deciphered. We do however‚ that it had city walls‚ a fortified citadel‚ and a large granary-Harappa and Mohenjo-daro represented an investment of human labor and established patterns to shape the larger society. They had a high degree of standardization due to the Indus River which facilitated trade and communication. Mohenjo-daro had a very sophisticated water/sewage program. Harappans had deities associated with creation and procrastination. How do historians and
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