sulphate is determined quantitatively as barium sulphate by gravimetric analysis. This determination consists of slowly adding a dilute solution of barium chloride to a hot‚ unknown sulphate solution which is slightly acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid. A white precipitate will formed and is then filtered off‚ washed with deionised water‚ dried in the oven and weighed as barium sulphate. The percentage of sulphate is calculated from the weight of barium sulphate. (B) Objective The purpose
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Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to investigate a competitor’s claim that the food preservative‚ sodium benzoate (C6H5COONa)‚ made by Fresh Foods International (FFI)‚ changed into a new substance in stomach acid. Stomach acid has a pH between 1 and 3 due to the hydrochloric acid content. Based on the net equation given in the book as well as the solubility of the product our hypothesis is that a new substance will form. Net reaction: C6H5COONa(aq) + HCl(aq) C6H5COOH(s) + NaCl(aq)
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ethanoyl chloride‚ test fumes with litmus and silver nitrate (* note ethanoyl chloride reacts with water‚ phenols and amines too!).(ii) Mix it with a little phosphorus(V) chloride and test as above.(iii) Warm with a little ethanoic acid and a few drops of conc. sulphuric acid. Pour into water. | (i) Litmus turns red and a white precipitate with silver nitrate(aq) (drop on end of glass rod)‚ if the mixture is poured into water you may detect a ’pleasant’ ester odour‚ can test for HCl but water and amines
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CHEMISTRY s er UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level 2 INSTRUCTIONS TO SUPERVISORS For Question 1 Candidates will require the following. (a) Approximately 2.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid (HCl)‚ labelled P. Allow each candidate approximately 200 cm3. (b) Approximately 2.0 mol/dm3 sodium hydroxide (80 g/dm3 NaOH)‚ labelled Q. Allow each
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Title: Enzyme Activity Aim: To investigate the activity of the enzyme catalase in liver and potatoes‚ and to investigate the effect of temperature‚ surface area‚ pH and certain chemicals on the activity of catalase. Equipment: Dilute hydrochloric acid solution x 1ml 10 volume hydrogen peroxide x 100ml Copper sulphate solution x 1ml Aluminum nitrate solution x 1ml Zinc nitrate solution x 1ml dilute NaOH solution x 1ml Mortar and pestle x 1 25ml Beaker x 1 Hot plate x1
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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level 5070/31 CHEMISTRY Paper 3 Practical Test October/November 2010 CONFIDENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS *4711088250* Great care should be taken to ensure that any confidential information given does not reach the candidates either directly or indirectly. The Supervisor’s attention is drawn to the form on page 7 which must be completed and returned with the scripts. If you have any problems
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semester long experiment was to determine an unknown organic acid. An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties. A base reacts with acids to form salts. Titrations are used to determine the concentration of unknown substances. The purpose of the KHP experiment was to determine the molarity of NaOH. HCl titrations are mainly to check technique and used to verify the molarity of NaOH solution. The hypothesis is that this acid is C4H3OCOOH. Experimental Procedure for melting point: The
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Fast dissolving oral film‚a new kind of drug delivery system‚ is a stamp-style drug loaded polymer film with rapid disintegration and dissolution in the saliva ‚self‑administration without water or chewing. It offers higher compliance against swallowing difficulty of conventional solid dosage form‚especially suitable for patients who have fear of choking such as pediatric and geriatric patients. However‚fast dissolving oral film is not suitable for poorly soluble drug because of the grittiness taste
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CO32- + H+ → HCO3- (2) HCO3- + H+ ← H2CO3 (3) Carbonate ion in aquaeous solutions act as base and is able to accept a proton to form a bicarbonate ion. Bicarbonate ion‚ upon addition of more HCl then combine to another proton to form carbonic acid. Solution mixture of the reaction (2) is alkaline while solution mixture in reaction (3) is acidic. In this case‚ the whole titration should have two breaks in the curve. This is where the use of double indicator is needed.
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the curing and preserving of hides and in the form of brine of brine for refrigeration purposes. Salt is extensively used in the chemical industry; in the manufacture of baking soda‚ sodium bicarbonate; of caustic soda‚ sodium hydroxide; of hydrochloric acid‚ of chlorine etc. It is also used in soap-making‚ and in the manufacture of glaze and porcelain enamel. It also enters metallurgic processes as flu‚ a compound used to assist the fusing of metals. Salt lowers the melting point of water‚ so
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