My research shows the rise in antibiotic resistant pathogens through horizontal gene transfer. Located in the bacteria are plasmids. They are independent‚ self-duplicating‚ and allow bacteria to perform new functions/generate new products. Basically plasmids help their hosts to stop the action of antibiotics and become resistant. “Gene transfer must be integral and critical to the overall survival of bacteria‚ providing a way for them to adapt to difficult conditions” (Levy 2002‚ 83). Horizontal
Premium Bacteria Antibiotic resistance DNA
The Sanger Method was developed by Frederic Sanger. It was the first method developed to sequence the genome and the genetic code and is still the most commonly used method of DNA sequencing. In 1980 Sanger was awarded a nobel prize in chemistry for his work concerning DNA sequencing along with Paul Berg and Walter Gilbert who also contribuated in this major breakthrough. Since then the Dideoxy chain termination method has been highly developed and optimised. To sequence DNA in term of the Sanger
Premium DNA Gene Genetics
Procedure 2: DNA Extraction from Cheek Cells Materials: Water‚ Clear Dish Soap‚ Table Salt‚ Isopropyl Alcohol (70%) or Ethanol‚ Food Coloring 1. To 200 Ml drinking water add two teaspoons of salt 2. Gargle the salt water for 1 minute. 3. Spit the gargled water into a beaker (or new cup). Now your cheek cells are suspended in the salt water. 4. Gently stir the salt water with one drop of soap (try to avoid air bubbles) 5. In a separate beaker (or cup)‚ mix 20 ml isopropyl alcohol and 1-3 drops
Premium DNA Bacteria Molecular biology
Gel Electrophoresis Adventure Intro The final goal of this lab was to successfully measure the size of different samples of DNA by placing each sample into a well in agarose gel and running a current through a charged chamber. The DNA samples will move through the gel towards the positive charge. Ideally‚ the DNA will move and create and sequence of smallest to largest. This lab exposes us to DNA technology. Backround Gel electrophoresis is used to separate macromolecules like DNA or RNA by size or
Premium DNA Molecular biology Protein
The experiment consists of 5 steps—Inoculation‚ fermentation‚ cell lysis‚ inclusion body solubilization‚ and peptide purification. In the first two steps‚ E coli with Snake 6 peptides is cultivated. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) is used to quantify bacteria through detection of their optical density (O.D.). After reaching a certain concentration in the fermentation batch‚ inclusion bodies (IBs) are extracted from these E coli by adding Bugbuster lysis solution and lysozyme. Polyacrylamide
Premium Bacteria Escherichia coli DNA
The objective of these labs were to use sophisticated techniques to produce double-stranded RNA that was incubated with live Drosophila cells to inhibit the expression of our two genes of interest. The overall process of the four labs was to isolate and amplify DNA using the polymerase chain reaction with primers that contained gene-specific sequences to Thread or Dynamin-related protein 1 (drp-1)‚ along with T7 promoter site sequences. The amplified DNA was purified and both strands of the DNA
Premium DNA Gene Molecular biology
Proteomics is the study of proteomes‚ which are groups of proteins in living systems. It is used to examine when and where proteins are being expressed‚ rate of degradation‚ modifications‚ how they interact with other proteins and more. The goal in this lab was to determine the similarities and differences in muscle proteins among 5 species of fish using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. First‚ proteins are separated based on size. Second‚ antibodies are used to detect the protein of interest. Lastly
Premium Protein DNA Gene
Results These are the images taken of the gel after electrophoresis. Gel 1 Gel 2 Lane 7. This is Maddie’s (MCB) sample. Gel 2 Lane 6. This is Madi’s (MN) sample. From our sample of the gel electrophoresis‚ both Madi and me are homozygous positive (+/+) for the Alu gene. This can be determined by looking at the ladder and comparing our sample to it‚ to find out if we are homozygous or heterozygous. Discussion For this lab‚ DNA from our cheek cells were separated through
Premium DNA Molecular biology Gel electrophoresis
1. The overall goal of this lab was to carry out experiments that clearly demonstrate the different ways DNA genetic information‚ specifically transduction and conjugation. The first half of this experiment focused on exploring the mechanisms of transduction. This was done by creating a spot titer plate for phage carrying kanamycin resistance and E. coli. E. coli was then proven to have gained kanamycin resistance throughout transduction as demonstrated by its ability to grow on a medium containing
Premium Bacteria Escherichia coli DNA
To purify the PCR amplicon‚ both digested wt-goi and mut-goi from other components. A purified digested gene product is more advantageous for the DNA ligation‚ in which the gene products with sticky ends will be inserted to a plasmid vector. Also‚ to transform E.coli DH5α cells by introducing the plasmids DNA which contains the gene of interests into the E.coli strain(DH5α). The plasmid DNA can replicate inside the transformed E.coli DH5α cells‚ only successful transformed cells can produce the protein
Premium DNA Bacteria Escherichia coli