Question and Answer 1. Paper reported that Olfm4 deletion induces colon adenocarcinoma in APCmin mice‚ so why after miR-34 deletion‚ olfm4 positive stem cell number was increased and tumor incidence was also increased? Their research was working on the colon tumorigenesis‚ but we are working on the small intestine. Also in our model‚ colon tumor is very rare‚ could because of different genetic background. The function of Olfm4 may be also tissue specific. 2. Do these changes caused by the genetic
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Immunosuppression: Immunosuppression was performed by giving the animals synthetic corticosteroids (dexamethasone) orally at a dose of 0.25 mg/g/day for 14 successive days prior to inoculation with Cryptosporidium oocysts (Rehg et al.‚ 1988). The mice continued to receive dexamethasone at the same dose throughout the experiment. The oocysts: Oocysts of Cryptosporidium were obtained from naturally infected calves from slaughter houses by collection of scrapings of the ileal mucous membrane and cecal
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The vagus nerve is the tenth of the twelve brain nerves. The vagus nerve contributes to the feelings associated with infections such as appetite‚ fatigue and induction of disease behavior. It extends from the brainstem to the abdomen‚ with branches in the neck‚ thorax and abdomen 68. The vagus nerve is part of the autonomic nervous system‚ has efferent fibers‚ ascending signals from the brain to the peripheral organs‚ as well as afferent sensory fibers‚ and transmits information from the peripheral
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Borrelia Burgdorferi (Lyme Disease) 1.) Entry: To obtain Borrelia Burgdorferi the human host must be infected by a Lxodoes Scapularius‚ a black-legged tick‚ and these species are only found in the wooded areas around the world. Being in contact with an infected Lxodoes Scapularius increase your chance of getting Borrelia Burgdorferi. 2.) Establishment: Once the infected tick saliva comes in contact with the human host. The Spirochetes are released into the body. Borrelia Burgdorferi are so sneaky
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Stickler’s Syndrome Stickler’s Syndrome is a connective tissue disorder that causes problems with vision‚ hearing‚ bones‚ and joints. Stickler’s Syndrome was named after Dr. Gunnar B. Stickler. In 1960‚ a 12 year old boy was analyzed at Mayo Foundation in Minnesota. The boy had expansions of quite a few of the joints‚ he was also very short sighted. His mother also had a problem‚ she was blind. Dr. Stickler founded that other members of this family had similar symptoms. This made Stickler
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What is a hypoallergenic animal? Hypoallergenic means designed to reduce or minimize the possibility of an allergic response‚ as by containing relatively few or no potentially irritating substances‚so a hypoallergenic animal is an animal that has a lower count of known allergens (things that cause allergic reactions).(Dictionary.com) How do they make them? Scientists at Allerca Lifestyle Pets have announced that they have engineered hypoallergenic cats and dogs. They have gotten cats
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Infection‚ as defined by Encyclopedia Britannica (2011)‚ is the invasion and multiplication of different pathogenic microorganisms in the body-such as fungi‚ bacteria and viruses- the body’s reaction to it and the defense mechanisms it activates to counter these pathogens or the toxins they produce. Infections can range from simple to complex ones that can be fatal or debilitating‚ but because of the continuous researches and studies to protect the human race‚ antibiotics were discovered. Antibiotics
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease (1) characterized by a breakdown of B and T cells tolerance to self-antigens (2). Defective clearance of apoptotic cells could promote the release of autoantigens which in turn trigger autoimmune responses(3‚ 4). Generated immune dysfunctions lead to the production of abundant of autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokines(5‚ 6). SLE can affect various organs of the body‚ on people of both sexes‚ all ages and all ethnic
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by inflammation and a variety of neurological symptoms and lesions disseminated in both time and space. MS has traditionally been thought to be primarily a T-cell mediated disease‚ however‚ more recent studies implicate B cells in the pathogenesis as well (Knippenberg et al 2011). Additionally‚ low vitamin D levels is a modifiable risk factor that is associated with development and
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While repopulating wounded tissues through cell proliferation and migration‚ PURION Processed dHACM has also been shown to stimulate secretion of cytokines by cells‚ including secretion of immunomodulatory‚ angiogenic‚ and tissue growth promoting cytokines by fibroblasts‚ vascular endothelial cells‚ and stem cells. When treated with dHACM extracts‚ human dermal fibroblasts upregulated biosynthesis of bFGF‚ GCSF‚ and PlGF in vitro‚ three growth factors involved in healing.50 Similarly‚ dHACM treatment
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