First‚ proteins are extracted from the tissue and loaded into a gel matrix. The matrix will separate the proteins according to size using an electric current. Proteins that are separated after are blotted from the gel and onto a paper membrane. An antibody is then added to the membrane paper and causes a colored reaction. Following the reaction‚ the results help detect and quantify a single protein among hundreds of other proteins in the sample. Western blotting is used during this procedure to test
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from the immune system could identify organisms that invade the body; such as bacteria‚ and viruses. The antibodies are able to set off a complex chain of events designed to kill these foreign invaders. He found a way to create antibodies so strong they would allow their host to maintain the ultimate perfection for an indefinite amount of time. He had experimented trying to kill the new antibodies to test his theory‚ and found they were undying‚ --- they could not be destroyed. He kept injecting the
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2.2 Immunoprecipitation Different protocols were compared so as to choose the one which is compatible with the characteristics of the particular protein of interest [29]. A suitable amount of nuclear extracts was diluted with 100 microliters of chilled PBS‚ 0.1% Triton 100 (to this mixture‚ the following was added to make a final concentration of 1:1000: 0.2 mM PMSF‚ 0.5 mM DTT and 15 (microgram/ microliter). It was made sure that the final concentration of nuclear extract was 0.5-1.0(microgram/
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The Immune System: Immune System Overview 1. Name the two major functions of the immune system: • __ To destroy disease-causing organisms_____________ • _______ To detect and kill abnormal cells such as cancerous cells________________ 2. Pathogens are classified according to their size and where they are located in the body. List the five types of pathogens from largest to smallest: • _____ Parasitic worms_____ • ________Fungi________________ • _____Protozoa_____________________ • ____Bacteria______________________
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BAsic ReseARch PAPeR BAsic ReseARch PAPeR Autophagy 9:5‚ 1–16; May 2013; © 2013 Landes Bioscience Inhibition of the autophagic flux by salinomycin in breast cancer stem-like/progenitor cells interferes with their maintenance Wen Yue‚1‚2‚† Ahmed hamaï‚1‚2‚† Giovanni Tonelli‚1‚2 chantal Bauvy‚1‚2 Valérie Nicolas‚2‚3 hugo Tharinger‚2‚3 Patrice codogno1‚2 and Maryam Mehrpour1‚2‚* 1 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Keywords: breast cancer stem-like/progenitor cell
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Cancer Epidemiology Cancer is not a single disease; it is a myriad or collection of diseases with many different manifestations as there are many different types of tissues and cell types Cancer is a disease of abnormal gene expression. Cells are constantly evolving and have the natural selection pressures to change Common biological properties of tumor cells: 1) Deregulated clonal cell growth- all cells in a tumor originated from one single cell that acquired mutations that made it deregulated
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DNA that move itself within the genome of the cell. Also‚ I found very interesting the creation of the first vaccine by Edward Jenner‚ theories like the Weismann Barrier and other concepts that helped scientists to have a better understanding of antibodies‚ genes and viruses. According to this chapter‚ it is said that all human cells are like a soup made of mammal‚ bacteria‚ and virus ingredients‚ since the human cells contain different bacterias that perform several helpful functions in our body;
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Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology‚ 9e (Marieb) Chapter 12 The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses Short Answer Figure 12.1 Using Figure 12.1‚ identify the following: 1) A lymph capillary is indicated by letter __________. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 404 2) A lymph node is indicated by letter __________. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 404 3) The lymph duct is indicated by lettter __________. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 404 4) Blood capillaries are indicated by letter
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Healthcare in the Republic of Cuba Carmen Sciandra University of Scranton HAD 506 May 13‚ 2013 In Cuba‚ patients’ medical records are still kept in a cardboard folder‚ they are simple and hand written. Internet access is virtually non-existent yet despite the limited technology‚ the Cuban system is surprisingly information-rich and focused on population health. Everything is free‚ and not after prior approval or some copay. Healthcare is tightly organized‚ and the
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Breast Cancer: Introduction Breast cancer ranks as one of the leading cancer types in the number of new cases diagnosed and is second only to lung cancer as the the most prevalent cause of cancer death in women. In 2010 the American Cancer Society estimates approximately 209‚060 new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed and 40‚230 deaths due to breast cancer will occur in the United States. It is important to note that men also develop breast cancer. Approximately 390 of the estimated deaths
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