produce about three-fourths white and one-fourth yellow offspring. What are the genotypes of these two parents? What will each produce if crossed with a yellow-fruited plant? Note that a phenotypic ratio of 3/4 to 1/4 is what you expect from a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents (Ww x Ww). Note that the second cross (to a yellow-fruited plant) is a testcross (a cross beetween an individual with the dominant phenotype and a homozygous recessive parent). The progeny expected from such
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tests‚ Morgan and his colleagues discovered the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance. In addition‚ for genetic crosses of fruit flies‚ there are three types of inheritance patterns that are relevant in this lab. The first is monohybrid - one single trait is involved‚ the second is dihybrid - two different traits are involved‚ and sex-linked - the pattern of inheritance that results from a mutant gene located on either the X or Y chromosome. Also‚ in relation to genetic crosses‚ it is necessary for the females
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would be a monohybrid cross: Rr x Rr => 1/4 RR‚ 1/2 Rr‚ 1/4 rr. 4. In maize‚ a dominant allele A is necessary for seed color‚ as opposed to colorless (a). Another gene has a recessive allele w that results in waxy starch‚ as opposed to normal starch (W). The two genes segregate independently. What are the phenotypes and relative frequencies of offspring from each of the following crosses? Notice: The question specifies phenotypic ratios. a. AaWw x AaWw This is a dihybrid cross:
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Learning Outcome 1. Understand how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring. Assessment Criteria 1.1 Recall the main stages of meiosis and understand the biological significance of the process. ( question 5) 1.2 Understand Monohybrid and Dihybrid Mendelian Inheritance.(question 1‚4) 1.3 Understand co-dominance and sex linkage.(question 2‚3) 1.4 Apply biological principles and concepts in solving genetic variation problems. ( questions 1‚2‚3‚4‚5‚) Achieved Grade Descriptors 1a) Understanding
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Genetics Review DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): Stored inside chromosomes and contain all instructions for life It is made up of Ribose (sugar)‚ phosphate‚ and when of 4 Nitrogenous bases (Adenine‚ Thymine‚ Guanine and Cytosine) A Nucleotide consists of a Phosphate molecule‚ a sugar molecule‚ and a Nitrogenous base pair The nitrogenous bases always pair up AT and CG Each human has 46 chromosomes 23 pairs in total 1 pair sex chromosomes (that define your sex‚ male XX‚ female XY) 22
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Mendelian Genetics Introduction In 1865 an Austrian monk‚ Gregor Mendel‚ presented the results of painstaking experiments on the inheritance of the garden pea. Those results were heard‚ but not understood‚ by Mendel’s audience. In 1866‚ Mendel published his results in an obscure German journal. The result of this was that Mendel’s work was ignored and forgotten. Mendel died in 1884 without knowing the pivotal role his work would play in founding the modern discipline of genetics. By 1899‚ some
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MODULE 2: GENETICS‚ VARIATION AND NATURAL SELECTION SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES & EXPLANATORY NOTES 1. Structure and Roles of Nucleic Acids 1.1 illustrate the structure of RNA and DNA using simple labelled diagrams; The genetic substance found in all organisms called DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a kind of nucleic acid. Nucleic acids consist of two long polymers of simpler units‚ called nucleotides; that are composed of three (3) main units as shown below: 1) A pentose sugar (deoxyribose
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Meghan Methe B-block 11.14.12 Chapter 8 Heredity and Genetic Variation (Objectives) pg. 192-221 Questions: 1. The role of genes in heredity is to carry the traits for the making of DNA. 2. The law of probability says that each chance of probability is equal in the sense of the possible outcomes of the traits present. 4. Dominant masks the recessive which in situations where both trait alleles are present in a gene the organism would be heterozygous and the dominant allele
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mammalian circulatory system Examining slides of liver and kidney Examining slides of Spirogyra‚ Funaria‚ Marchantia‚ Dryopteris and Pinus Investigating the structure of flowers‚ Angiospermatophyta (one monocotyledon and one dicotyledon) Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses and use of χ2 test Construction of a dichotomous key using local specimens Preservation procedure (a) Insects (b) Plants 25 insect species (up to order) 25 plant species (local name and habitat) Ecological study of a terrestrial or
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difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross? a.|A monohybrid cross involves a single parent‚ whereas a dihybrid cross involves two parents.| b.|A monohybrid cross produces a single progeny‚ whereas a dihybrid cross produces two progeny.| c.|A dihybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters and a monohybrid only one.| d.|A monohybrid cross is performed for one generation‚ whereas a dihybrid cross is performed for two generations.| e.|A monohybrid cross results
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