1 11/8/2006 Techniques of Polymerisation: 1) Bulk or Mass Polymerisation: Method: Pre-polymerisation stage. Monomer is in liquid state and initiator dissolved in monomer is taken in a vessel and heated initially to poln temp. by a hot jacket to initiate the reaction. Monomer is added with constant agitation/ stirring for effective heat and mass transfer. Polymerisation reaction involves extensive bond formation in homogenous system and is exothermic. (25 – 30% poln) Post poln stage :- As the
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because they have saved and improved the quality of our lives when applied in medical practices. Polymers are macro molecules composed of more minuscule units called monomers. Polymers can be either synthetic or natural‚ such as cellulose which is a natural polymer found in plants. Research has shown that replacing natural monomers into synthetic polymers creates polymers that are biodegradable in the human body. This process creates biodegradable polymers. Biodegradable polymers‚ also known as biomaterials
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Ch.2 Essential chemistry for Biology 1. Water is precious to life because living organisms use water as the medium (solvent) for chemical reactions necessary to sustain life. Water also helps maintain temperatures. Droughts are disastrous because they can wipe out crops‚ which in turn cause famine. 2. MATTER: Composed of chemical elements‚ occupies space and has mass (ex: solid‚ liquid‚ and gas states.) CHEMICAL ELEMENTS: substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions
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produced 200‚000 tons in 2006 will expand to about 5 million tons in 2015 affirms the Germany-based Helmut Kaiser Consultancy. Chemical Background By definition‚ plastics are polymers‚ large molecules consisting of chains or rings of connected monomer units. Bioplastics are biopolymers derived from renewable biomass sources rather petroleum and can also be designed to be biodegradable although not all are. No variety of bioplastic possesses a particular molecular formula‚ since each class of bioplastic
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Molecule of life • Most molecules of living organisms are composed of thousands of atom. these molecules are considered macromolecules • Macromolecules are subdivided into polymers and monomers • polymers: are long chain-like substances made of many smaller molecules linked together by a covalent bond • monomers: smaller molecules covalently bonded which can link to make polymers • the molecules associated with living things are grouped into 4 major categories carbohydrates lipids (fats)
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Testing for the Presence of Lipids‚ Proteins‚ and Carbohydrates in McDonald’s Menu Items Emma Heironimus‚ White 3 There are four main macromolecules; proteins‚ nucleic acids‚ lipids‚ and carbohydrates. The presence of some of these‚ such as sugar‚ fat‚ starch‚ and protein‚ can be determined using tests such as Benedict’s solution‚ Lugol’s iodine solution‚ Biuret’s reagent‚ and Sudan III. Control tests were performed to determine what a positive result would appear like. Then the tests were performed
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synthesis of PLA is a multistep process which starts from the production of lactic acid and ends with polymerisation‚ with an intermediate step for the formation of the lactide. There are two main monomers used; lactic acid and lactide. Synthesis of PLA can follow three main routes: 1) Lactic acid monomers are directly condensation polymerised to yield a brittle polymer‚ unless external coupling agents are attached to increase chain length. This needs to occur at less than 200℃ as the enzyme
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Surname Centre No. Initial(s) Signature Candidate No. Paper Reference(s) 4335/1F Examiner’s use only London Examinations IGCSE Team Leader’s use only Chemistry Paper 1F Foundation Tier Monday 9 May 2005 – Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes Materials required for examination Nil Items included with question papers Nil Question Leave Number Blank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above‚ write your centre number and candidate
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Plexiglass™‚ and Mylar™ are all examples of commercially available synthetic polymers. Polymers are made up of smaller repeating units‚ called monomers‚ which are linked together by covalent bonds. The polymerization processes by which polymers are synthesized fall into two categories. Addition polymers are formed by addition reactions that link together monomers containing multiple bonds. One example of this process is the polymerization of styrene to form polystyrene. styrene HC styrene
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DESIGN CANVAS 2.1 General Design canvas is of five types. Each type may be in varying numbers depending on the case under research. Empathy summary in describe the top 5 problem on the basis of desirability‚ feasibility & viability‚ and finally choose exact problem from five possibilities. The Ideation Canvas helps in carving out different requirement in-line with attempting/ looking forward to have an idea about addressing a problem. The product must be performing certain functions and have set
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