CSR as Social Obligation Over the last century‚ many scholars tried to conceptualise CSR and its management applications. Bowen (1953) was the first to launch the concept of CSR as a social obligation. According to him‚ CSR is a social obligation “to pursue those policies‚ to make those decision‚ or to follow those lines of action which are desirable in terms of objectives and values of our society”. Carroll (1979)‚ following Bowen’s thinking‚ identified four stages of CSR development: economic
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Rachel Carson wrote the book‚ Silent Spring‚ to introduce the issues with pesticides. Carson’s main argument in the chapter‚ The Obligation to Endure‚ is that pesticides do not put an end to the insect problems. Pesticides are human’s invention to bring an end to pest issues. However‚ pesticides not only have limited success‚ but also worsen the situation. Pesticides kill the insects‚ but insects grow to be immune to the chemicals. Hence‚ scientists have to make stronger and more harmful pesticides
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SUMMER REVIEWER OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRACTS TITLE 1 - OBLIGATION • Art. 1156. An obligation is a juridical necessity to give‚ to do or not to do. (n) • neither party may unilaterally evade his obligation in the contract‚ unless: a. Contract authorizes it b. Other party assents Parties may freely enter into any stipulations provided they are not contrary to law‚ morals‚ good customs‚ public order or public policy CHAPTER 1. – GENERAL PROVISIONS See Arts. 1156 - 1162 ELEMENTS OF AN OBLIGATION: 1. Active
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are: * Bureaucratic system of personnel * Democratic system of personnel BUREAUCRATIC SYSTEM OF PERSONNEL “A personnel system where a body of public servants are organized in a hierarchical system which stands outside the sphere of public control.” DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM OF PERSONNEL “A personnel system where no one man has any more intrinsic right to official station than other.” COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN BUREAUCRATIC AND DEMOCRATIC Feature 1 Bureaucratic System: The main
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vision of democracy derives from the Greek words “demos” and “kratein” which translates to the “rule of the people.” It is an important concept that believes everyone should have an equal say in a particular decision. In management it translates to a democratic style of leadership where the manager still holds final responsibility for decisions but also delegates authority to the team by encouraging them to contribute‚ give suggestions and challenge the ideas of the manager (Pride‚ Hughes‚ et al‚ 2009)
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Democratic socialists do not want to create an all-powerful government bureaucracy. But we do not want big corporate bureaucracies to control our society either. Rather‚ we believe that social and economic decisions should be made by those whom they most affect. Today‚ corporate executives who answer only to themselves and a few wealthy stockholders make basic economic decisions affecting millions of people. Resources are used to make money for capitalists rather than to meet human needs. We believe
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In tough times‚ most people are looking to cut costs any way they can. And in a home purchase‚ who wouldn’t want to save that extra 3 percent — an extra $3‚000 per $100‚000 of the sale price? That’s typically what buyer’s agents make on real estate transactions‚ and most experts think it’s money well spent. It’s true that anyone can shop for a house‚ and even get a peek inside‚ without formally signing on with a real estate agent. But unless you have time to make home shopping a part-time job‚ an
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Article Summary and Reflection Moral Dilemmas‚ Moral Strategies‚ and the Transformation of Gender Lessons from Two Generations of Work and Family Change Women seek personal development by caring for others and men care for others by sharing the rewards of independent achievement are the traditional social norm in the 20th century. In the 21st century‚ people started to question whether women and men should really be separated into two distinct‚ opposed and unchanging moral categories. Women and men now
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class can either complement or diminish the standards of practice. These styles include autocratic‚ democratic‚ laissez-faire‚ and participative. However‚ this paper will focus on the democratic style which I have identified as my own leadership style. Personal Leadership Style To begin‚ there are many personal characteristics that have led me to identify with the democratic leadership style. A democratic leader is one who makes members of the group feel more engaged in the process‚ and encourages group
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Transitions to Democracy: An Analysis of Romania in Linz and Stepan’s "Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation" Linz and Stepan’s chapter on Romania in their book‚ "Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation" is a complete and well done analysis of the transition of the Romanian government after the death of Ceausescu and the effects of Ceausescu’s sultanistic reign on that transition. Throughout the chapter‚ Linz and Stepan attempt to answer the question they postulate in
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